Abstract: Before surgery, patients often only consider the level of the surgeon in charge and hardly think about how much anesthesia affects the success of the surgery, thinking that the anesthesiologist’s job is simple: give the patient a shot in the operating room and let the patient sleep peacefully. In fact, anesthesia is much more than a simple “one shot, one sleep”. Anesthesia is not a simple matter of “give a shot and sleep”. Surgeons treat diseases, anesthesiologists protect lives. Anesthesia is the protector of the surgical patient, escorting the surgery. Anesthesiologists are the patron saints of patients during surgery, as the saying goes, “anesthesia protects life while surgery removes disease. Many patients are afraid of anesthesia and surgery, and it is human nature to be afraid of pain. Today’s advanced anesthesia technology keeps patients away from pain, and the anesthesiologist’s all-round service makes patients spend the perioperative period more safely and comfortably, relieves their anxiety and tension, and escorts the smooth operation. In fact, behind the flowers and applause, there is a group of behind-the-scenes heroes – anesthesiologists – who escort the safety of life. Surgeons treat diseases, anesthesiologists protect lives; if you can’t tolerate surgery, you can’t tolerate anesthesia; only minor surgery, no minor anesthesia; anesthesia is never as simple as “give a shot, sleep”; anesthesia is the protector of surgical patients, escorting for surgery. There are risks in even the smallest surgery. Only small surgery, no small anesthesia. All anesthesia has risks, even for the smallest surgery. Because of the significant inhibitory effects of anesthetic drugs on the respiratory, circulatory and central nervous system, especially when it comes to patients with special physical conditions, problems can occur even with some “minor” anesthesia, especially when professionals do not pay sufficient attention to it, and once an accident occurs, resuscitation measures cannot keep up, which will lead to serious consequences. If the population is different and the condition is different, the incidence of anesthesia risk is also different. If we count according to the size of anesthesia risk, cardiovascular diseases are undoubtedly in the front, because anesthetic drugs directly inhibit the circulatory system and have the most obvious impact on blood pressure, heart rate, and hemodynamics, and all patients with acute and chronic diseases of the circulatory system are at high risk of anesthesia accidents. Secondly, patients with respiratory system diseases and obese patients also have a high chance of anesthesia accidents because anesthetic drugs have respiratory depressant effects, and obese patients are mostly accompanied by a variety of chronic diseases, organ function is reduced, and the ability to resist anesthesia risks is small. In addition, pediatric and elderly patients, as well as pregnant women, are also prone to anesthesia accidents. In general, if the brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys and other important organs are not fully compensated, the risk of anesthesia and surgery is high, and the perioperative mortality rate is higher. Anesthesia is a “full attention” job. Before surgery, patients often only consider the level of the surgeon in charge and try to find a good surgeon, but hardly think about how much anesthesia affects the success of surgery. In fact, this view is wrong. Here is a brief overview of the duties of an anesthesiologist, and it is beneficial for everyone to know a little about them. Anesthesiologists work throughout the patient’s preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods. For example, anesthesiologists communicate with patients before surgery to understand their past medical history because there are many factors that affect the safety of anesthesia, and the patient’s recent physical condition and medication details cannot be taken care of. Some anesthesiologists only look at the patient’s information a few minutes before the surgery, and talk to the patient only when they arrive in the operating room, while the patient’s psychological and physiological state is not normal at this time, and the information obtained by the anesthesiologist may not be objective and true. During surgery, the anesthesiologist should be even more vigilant. Once an accident occurs, the anesthesiologist is the patron saint of life and must have a keen sense of observation and the ability to handle unexpected situations. The vast majority of patients who have anesthesia accidents, as long as they are rescued in a timely manner and handled properly, can basically be turned into safety. Generally speaking, the golden time for resuscitation is within 6 minutes of anesthesia accident, ischemia and hypoxia, and respiratory and cardiac arrest. At the end of surgery, leaving the operating room with consciousness and stable vital signs is the least anesthesiologist should do. Write anesthesia records, explain the anesthesia characteristics of the patient and the observation points of the nursing staff, and special patients should be visited regularly. Love is regardless of status and role, anesthesiologists are such a group of behind-the-scenes workers who do not seek fame and fortune and do everything for the sake of the patient because they feel it is worth it. Whenever you see a patient being safely and soberly pushed out of the operating room, the face under the cap and mask is one of joy.