After renal transplantation, due to the long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs, the metabolism of the body is affected to varying degrees, including sugar, protein, lipids, uric acid, blood Na (sodium), K (potassium), Ca (calcium), etc. After renal transplantation, there is often a significant increase in appetite and rapid weight gain. Long-term dietary goals are set, including: ① to achieve and maintain good nutritional status; ② to avoid or reduce the occurrence of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia; ③ to prevent bone diseases and deficiencies of nutritional elements. After the patient is transferred from the ward to the general ward, he should be given light, soft and easily digestible food after the ventilator, and progress gradually.
I. High blood glucose: early renal transplantation after the application of a large number of hormones are high blood glucose.
– We recommend pure lotus root powder, sugar-free homogenate, vegetable juice, not gruel, less oil, refined sugar restrictions, limited fruit consumption.
– For additional meals during the recovery period, 2 soda crackers or 1 hard-boiled egg white or 1 small cup of unsweetened yogurt can be consumed
– Corn husk is a good diuretic and can also help blood sugar drop
II. Blood lipids
– Low cholesterol and low fat foods
– Animal offal, brain, fish roe, crab yolk, animal skin and fatty meat are prohibited.
– The amount of oil should be controlled, below 25 grams of cooking oil per day.
– Use less fried and stir-fried dishes, more stewed, mixed, boiled, steamed and boiled dishes
Three, blood pressure
– Salt: Low salt diet is needed in the early post-surgery and recovery period, about 3-4g of salt per day. If there is no hypertension, edema, low urine, etc., salt can be increased moderately, not more than 6-8g per day.
– In case of diarrhea, polyuria or excessive sweating in summer, salt can be increased appropriately to prevent hyponatremia.
– Hidden salt
– Wonderful use of vinegar, low-fat salad dressing, tomato sauce seasoning
– Pay attention to the adjustment of cooking method
IV. uric acid
– Avoid high soup (meat soup, chicken soup, fish soup, etc.)
– Forbid the offal of animals
– Avoid drinking beer, seafood
– Avoid strong tea, strong coffee (chrysanthemum does not contain caffeine, has a diuretic, lower blood pressure, clear liver fire of the therapeutic effect, can be drunk as tea )
– moderate exercise, to sweat is good
– Can not be sedentary
Five, drink water
– Too much fluid intake can increase the burden on the heart, and too little fluid intake can affect the blood perfusion of the transplanted kidney.
– Daily water intake depends on the daily urine volume, generally the daily urine volume is around 2000 ml, then the water intake should also be slightly more than 2000 ml.
– Special reminder: 24-hour urine volume should be prepared to be recorded daily. Urine volume can directly reflect the transplant kidney function and is very important to regulate the water balance. If your 24-hour urine output is significantly lower than usual (up to 1/3 of the original volume), then there is a possibility of rejection or cyclosporine toxicity, so please contact your transplant surgeon promptly.
VI. Protein
– On the one hand, you should supplement high quality protein, on the other hand, even if the kidney function is normal, you still need to pay attention to the protein intake should not be too high, so as not to increase the burden of the kidney.
– In the early stage of kidney transplantation, protein should be supplied at 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, and the urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in the patient’s blood should be closely observed.
– Immunosuppressants can accelerate protein decomposition and inhibit protein synthesis, thus increasing protein consumption, so it is appropriate to increase the supply of high quality protein. High quality protein is mainly animal protein.
How to know how much protein to consume?
– 100g of rice and flour contains 7~8g of protein
– Lean meat 100 grams contains about 20 grams of protein
– 1 250 ml bag of milk contains 6-8 grams of protein
– One medium-sized egg contains about 6~7 grams of protein
VII. Sugar
– If you eat too much sugar products, it is easy to raise blood sugar and induce diabetes.
– Therefore, attention should be paid to eating less sweet food
– Staple food 150 grams per day ~ 250 grams is appropriate, wheat starch
– It is appropriate to eat fresh fruit (containing fructose), 150-200 grams per day, generally with no more than 250 grams / day.
– Precautions for eating fruit
Eight, pay attention to calcium supplementation
– The decline of kidney function itself will cause calcium absorption to decrease, the use of immunosuppressants will also inhibit calcium absorption and increase excretion, which will lead to osteoporosis over time.
– Calcium-rich foods include: milk, beans, aquatic products, nuts and dark vegetables, etc.
– Calcium supplementation should be accompanied by vitamin D supplementation, more outdoor activities, and oral calcium supplements if necessary.
– In addition, calcium supplementation should not be excessive, otherwise it will increase the burden on the kidneys.
IX. Potassium
– Foods with high potassium content: fresh vegetables, fruits, dried beans, and yellow-colored foods are high in potassium.
Ten, it is not recommended to eat food that can cause allergies
– Especially aquatic products
– And easy to disperse lamb, spring bamboo shoots, toon, aromatic leaves, dashi, fennel, etc.
Eleven, avoid eating pickled, smoked and sauced food products
– Food in the process of pickling its vitamin C will be destroyed in large quantities, which can lead to vitamin C deficiency; in addition, pickled foods contain carcinogenic substances “amyl nitrite”; finally, its salt is too high, both to increase the burden on the kidneys, but also can lead to hypertension. Kidney transplant patients have a high incidence of hypertension, and the kidneys are very precious, so pickled foods should not be eaten.
– Barbecue food should be eaten less
– It contains the top three carcinogens “3-4 benzo]”, but also can make protein carbonation denaturation, not only to reduce the utilization of protein, but also to increase the burden on the liver and kidneys.
Twelve, can be taken in moderation under the guidance of transplant doctors health care products
– Female patients such as excessive menstruation and decreased hematocrit, available Agaricus, motherwort, etc..
– middle-aged and elderly patients who are physically thin and identified by traditional Chinese medicine as Yin deficiency may take Six Stomach Dihuang Pills or Qigong Ju Dihuang Pills.
– Cordyceps sinensis, commonly used in the transplant community to prevent infection after transplantation and has a synergistic anti-rejection effect.
– Some people had rejection reaction by drinking chicken soup, pigeon soup and quail soup after 3 months of transplantation.
– It must be different from person to person. Use one kind first after 3 months of transplantation, in small amount and gradually.
– Among the fruits, we should pay attention to the prohibition of grapefruit, which is clinically found to affect the efficacy of anti-rejection drugs and increase the concentration effect of drugs.
XIII. Lifestyle adjustment
– No smoking and alcohol
– Moderate exercise
– Ensure sleep
– Foot bath
– Especially important in the first 3 months
– Individuals vary greatly
– Balanced, no need for large supplements