Malignant melanoma is a disease that we rarely hear about in our daily life, it is a type of skin tumor, including benign and malignant ones. And the symptoms of malignant melanoma consider different subtypes and show different clinical symptoms respectively. The treatment methods of malignant melanoma mainly include radiotherapy, surgery, biological therapy, chemotherapy, etc. It may combine several treatment methods at the same time, or auxiliary Chinese medicine common cancer adjuvant drugs, which will have a better guarantee for the quality of life of patients. Five major treatment methods of melanoma 1. Radiotherapy Radiotherapy is the use of high-energy rays to kill tumor cells, and it is generally believed that melanoma is not sensitive to radiotherapy. However, for melanoma brain metastasis, bone metastasis, repeated lymph node recurrence and head and neck tumor, radiotherapy can shrink the tumor and reduce the symptoms. Except for certain very early freckled malignant melanoma which is effective for radiotherapy, it is generally ineffective for other primary foci. Therefore, radiation therapy is generally not used for primary lesions, but for metastatic lesions. At present, the commonly used radiation doses are: for superficial lymph nodes, soft tissues and metastases in the chest, abdomen and pelvis, each irradiation is ≥500cCy, twice a week, total 2000~4000cCy; for bone metastases, each irradiation is 200~400cCy, total 3000cCy or more. 2.Surgery The conventional treatment for early melanoma is surgical excision of the tumor and some surrounding normal tissues. The extent and depth of the surrounding skin to be removed depends on the thickness of the tumor and the depth of invasion. If the tumor is shallow, the tumor can be removed during biopsy without surgery again. If the tumor is very thick, an extended excision may be required. If the excision is too extensive, skin grafting is often required, which involves taking a portion of skin from another part of the body to replace the excised skin. Palliative resection: For those who have large lesions with distant metastases and are not suitable for radical surgery, in order to relieve ulcer bleeding or pain, as long as the anatomical conditions allow, reduction of accumulation or palliative resection can be considered. The decision to perform regional lymph node dissection is based on clinical examination, i.e. ultrasound. After surgery, further treatment is needed to destroy the remaining tumor cells in the body. This treatment is called adjuvant therapy and is often combined with high-dose interferon a-2b and immunotherapy. If the melanoma has metastasized, surgery usually cannot control the disease, so it is often necessary to perform chemotherapy, biotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and other comprehensive treatments. 3.Biological therapy Biological therapy (also called immunotherapy) is to activate the body’s immune system directly or indirectly to fight the tumor, generally refers to interleukin-2, a-2b interferon, also including dendritic cell immunotherapy (DC therapy). Currently, high-dose a-2b interferon is mainly used for postoperative adjuvant therapy and high-dose IL-2 is mainly used for patients with advanced distant metastases. DC therapy can be combined with cytokines or chemotherapy, which can induce long-term specific anti-tumor effects in the body. BCG can be administered by skin scratching, intratumoral injection and orally. For small local lesions, BCG can be injected intra-tumorally with an efficiency of 75% to 90%. In recent years, interferon, interleukin-2 (ILA-2) and lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK cells) and other biological response regulators have been tried and have achieved certain effect. 4.Targeted therapy Targeted therapy is a hot spot and research direction for future treatment, which mainly targets certain key targets in the tumor cell growth pathway or tumor angiogenesis process, and plays a specific blocking to kill tumor cells. It is different from chemotherapy drugs, and the side effects are generally mild. At present, the main ones used for melanoma are Sorafenib and Endo, which are multi-target kinase inhibitors and angiogenesis inhibitors respectively. 5.Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is is the use of cytotoxic drugs to kill tumor cells. Chemotherapy is usually given on a cycle basis, usually with a break after one cycle of chemotherapy and then chemotherapy again, and so on and so forth.