Elevated leukocytes in routine urine tests indicate urinary tract infections, elevated urine protein may indicate nephritis or diabetes complicated by kidney disease, and elevated urine sugar indicates diabetes. Increased urine bilirubin and increased urinary bilirubin may be due to jaundice or liver disease. Increased urine pH is usually due to respiratory acidosis and decreased urine pH may be due to acidosis, nephritis and diabetes. Abnormal urine specific gravity is mostly seen in kidney and heart diseases.