The site with the highest incidence of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is the upper segment cholangiocarcinoma, also known as high grade cholangiocarcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma of the hilar region, which refers to malignant tumors located in the common hepatic duct, the left and right hepatic ducts and the confluence. While mid-stage cholangiocarcinoma refers to tumors located below the level of the cystic duct and above the upper edge of the duodenum, while lower-stage cholangiocarcinoma refers to malignant tumors of the common bile duct located below the upper edge of the duodenum and above the duodenal jugular. In terms of treatment, cholangiocarcinoma is mainly treated by surgery, the purpose of which is to remove the tumor and restore the patency of the bile duct. For upper bile duct cancer, active surgical treatment is generally recommended, and surgical exploration should be performed as long as there is no contraindication to surgery.