The most important disease cause of COPD is smoking, which is also associated with dust exposure, atmospheric pollution, and recurrent infections of the respiratory system. The above causes can stimulate localized inflammatory changes in the airways and can also reduce the activity of antiproteinases thereby inducing COPD, with smoking being the leading cause. Patients diagnosed with COPD must quit smoking, and if they have occupational dust or irritant gas exposure, they should get out of the polluted environment as soon as possible, participate in physical exercise to prevent respiratory infections, monitor lung imaging and pulmonary function measurements on a regular basis, and use bronchodilators or glucocorticosteroids according to the patient’s condition to slow down the progression of the disease.