If you are a tumor patient or a family member of a tumor patient, you may experience that the oncology surgeon recommends surgery, the radiologist recommends radiation therapy, and the chemotherapist recommends chemotherapy. Which treatment method is appropriate for the patient? This requires the public to understand the general medical practice and especially the evidence-based medicine. While the choice of treatment plan in traditional medicine is mostly based on medical training, treatment experience from various patients, medical literature, expert opinion, and medical cost considerations, evidence-based medicine is a new medical model that has been rapidly developing in the international clinical medicine field in recent years. The core idea is that the determination of any medical decision should be based on an objective basis of clinical scientific research; any clinical decision for diagnosis and treatment must be based on the best current research evidence combined with clinical expertise and patient values. This statement defines a new paradigm for clinical medicine that emphasizes the combination of the best evidence, expertise and experience, and the needs of the patient. Evidence-based medicine considers the conclusions drawn from a large sample of randomized controlled studies (an unbiased clinical research method) and the systematic evaluation of all relevant randomized studies (a statistical analysis method) to be the most reliable evidence of the effectiveness and safety of a drug or therapy, the “gold standard”. For a long time in the past, the evaluation of a therapy in oncology treatment was often based on laboratory or instrumental findings without regard to clinical outcomes, and the choice of treatment regimen was mostly based on clinicians’ experience. However, recent studies have shown that the results of many large sample RCTs have shown that some theoretically or empirically effective treatments are actually ineffective or do more harm than good, while some seemingly ineffective treatments have been proven to be more beneficial than harmful and worth promoting. Therefore, the treatment of tumor patients with the disease is not determined by which physician, but by medical evidence, i.e., by the type of disease, stage of disease, and patient condition to determine surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy.