Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience caused by objective or potential tissue damage. It is a signal that the nervous system responds to when the body is faced with a stimulus or disease, and as a symptom it is a clue to the physician’s diagnosis of the disease. For this reason, the International Association for the Study of Pain lists pain as the fifth most important vital sign, on a par with temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. Chronic pain is defined as pain that lasts six months or longer. The pain is usually not severe and is dull, swollen, burning, numb, or cramping. Because of its long duration, it often causes pathophysiologic remodeling of the nervous system, leading to progression and increasing difficulty in controlling the lesion. Therefore, the International Association for the Study of Pain recognizes chronic pain as a disease. Chronic pelvic pain is a group of syndromes characterized by periodic or non-periodic pain in the pelvis and its surrounding tissues and organs, leading to dysfunction that requires pharmacologic or surgical treatment. The pain may be manifested in any of the following areas: the lower abdomen – bladder area, both sides of the lower abdomen – inguinal area, above the buttocks, sacrococcygeal area, perineum, perianal area, urethra, the depths of the male scrotum between the anus and the scrotum, along the spermatic cord, the scrotum. Etiology: Involves multiple systems and disciplines such as urinary, reproductive, digestive, motor, neurological, and endocrine. It is characterized by the same disease, different disease, lingering pain, difficult to cure, multidisciplinary medical treatment and different conclusions, which seriously affects the quality of life and causes great pain to patients. The direction determines the success or failure, and the path determines the result. Familiarity with the anatomical structure and physiopathological changes in and around the pelvis is the basis for making a correct diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain. Taking the pelvis as the boundary, the etiology of chronic pelvic pain can be divided into three regions, the supra-pelvic region, the pelvic region, and the infra-pelvic region; the pelvic region is the key point, which also includes a cavity, a wall, and a floor, i.e., the pelvis, the pelvic wall, and the pelvic floor; the pelvic cavity is the most important, and it is embedded with the urinary organs, the genitals, and the gastrointestinal tract from the anterior to the posterior, in that order. Although the supra-pelvic and infra-pelvic regions are not part of the pelvic pain study, they are adjacent to the pelvic cavity and are connected by muscles, fascia, and nerves, and the pain areas are similar, so a differential diagnosis is often needed. Upper pelvic region: The front is the abdomen and the back is the waist, most often see lumbar muscle strain, vertebrae and disc pathology, but also see kidney and ureter pathology. It is recommended to go to the spine department or urology department first to rule out the diagnosis. Sub-pelvic region: refers to the hip joint and upper thigh region, mainly hip joint lesions, common femoral head lesions, hip synovitis, etc. It is recommended to go to the Department of Arthropathy for examination. Pelvic region → anterior pelvis → urinary organs → from top to bottom → lower and middle ureter, bladder, proximal urethra, called “urinary pelvic pain”. It is often associated with urination, storage of urine, accompanied by urinary urgency, urinary frequency, urinary pain, lower urinary tract symptoms, hematuria, pus and other changes in the nature of urine. Interstitial cystitis is the most common and is called the devil of lower urinary tract symptoms. Pelvic area→middle pelvis→genital organs→inward to outward→uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and in men, from top to bottom→prostate, seminal vesicle glands, and ejaculatory ducts, which is called “reproductive pelvic pain”. Because the structure and function of reproductive organs change with the menstrual cycle, the pain is cyclical and can accompany menstrual changes, even affecting fertility and sexual activity. Endometriosis is common and is not pelvic inflammatory disease, let alone fibroids. Its foci can occur in any organ or tissue of the pelvis, and also occasionally in the ureter and intestinal cavities. In addition to lower urinary tract symptoms in men, accompanied by ejaculation, semen quality, sexual behavior and sexual activity disorders, the most complained about is the prostate gland, which is considered to be the work of prostatitis, which is an unscientific understanding of the prostate gland, and the interests of sexual advertising, non-standardized prostate massage, and incorrect analysis of the prostate fluid laboratory is the root of it. Practice has shown that more causes other than interstitial cystitis are non-bacterial inflammation of the pelvic floor tissues, or even non-inflammatory, spasmodic pain. Not only for the prostate, but also for chronic pelvic pain, stop using a lot of antimicrobials! “Inflammation” is not bacterial, and “pain” is not inflammation. Pelvic area → pelvic back → digestive tract → from top to bottom → sigmoid colon, rectum, called “defecation pain”. It is characterized by pain – defecation – relief. Performance of constipation, diarrhea or constipation and diarrhea alternately, pus and blood, mucus and other changes in the nature of the stool, the examination can also be seen hemorrhoids, anal fissure, prolapse, the most common disease: irritable bowel syndrome. Pelvic region → pelvic wall: rigid with soft. “Rigid” refers to the bony pelvis formed by five irregular bones: sacral, caudal, iliac, pubic, and situs, which is the scaffolding of the pelvis. Fractures and bone diseases are not treated in a timely and effective manner, resulting in the destruction of pelvic structure and stability, which is the root cause of chronic pelvic pain. “Soft” refers to the pelvic joints and lining the pelvis around the muscles, ligaments, fascia, nerves, blood vessels and other soft tissues, forming the power part of the pelvis. This soft tissue plays a role in stabilizing the pelvis, as a structure connecting the torso and lower limbs and power hub, to ensure that the torso and lower limbs movement coordination. If unbalanced, overload, long-term low load force, often resulting in chronic injury, pregnant women, pelvic joint laxity, abdominal anterior bulge, the trunk center of gravity shifted forward, more likely to lead to “flexible” pelvic wall pain. This pain is detected by examination of the body surface (skin) or natural cavities (anus, vagina). The pathologic changes are mostly chronic aseptic inflammation or myospasm, myoclonus, nerve entrapment. Pelvic region → pelvic floor: Complex, tough and porous. It is a specialized structure consisting of multiple layers of muscles, fascia, nerves and blood vessels that close the pelvic outlet and support each other. “Complex” means that the pelvic floor has a variety of tissues, is layered and unevenly distributed, with longitudinal, transverse, diagonal interlacing of muscles, and circular muscle inlays. “Ligamentous”: It is the structural and dynamic foundation that supports and maintains the bladder, uterus, rectum and other organs in their normal position and shape. “Pore”: refers to the pelvic floor with the urethra, vagina and rectum running through it, forming a functional gap or cavity structure of the pelvic floor. A healthy pelvic floor and coordinated pelvic floor movement are the basic conditions for physiological urination, regular defecation and normal reproduction through the “pore”. The young pelvic floor is prone to injury; the old pelvic floor is overworked and becomes diseased. So no matter how old, young pelvic floor trouble most, two incontinence, organ prolapse, chronic inflammation often come to harass, resulting in chronic pelvic pain. Pelvic pain is not difficult to treat, the difficulty is how to recognize. Correct structural concept, normal physiological function, real-time pathological analysis, combined with modern treatment methods is the basis for the successful elimination of pain, gynecology, urology, anorectal timely joint consultation is a comprehensive evaluation of the pelvic cavity, pelvic floor function, correct diagnosis of pelvic pain.