Common causes of atypical squamous cell carcinoma include human papillomavirus infection, multiple sexual partners, and early age of sexual life. Squamous cell carcinoma often occurs in squamous epithelium-covered areas, such as the cervix, vagina, oral cavity, skin, etc. As far as obstetrics and gynecology are concerned, atypical squamous cell carcinoma often occurs in the cervix and is closely associated with human papillomavirus, i.e., HPV, infection, and about more than 99% of patients with cervical cancer can be detected in cancer tissues, with HPV types 16 and 18 accounting for the greater part of the cases. HPV is mainly infected through sexual contact, so cervical cancer is associated with multiple sexual partners and early sexual life. At this stage, patients can be prevented by HPV vaccine, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment through cervical cytology, HPV test, colposcopy and cervical tissue biopsy to avoid progression of cervical lesions to cervical cancer. Patients with test results suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma need to seek prompt medical attention and follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment.