Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an epitheliophilic virus that does not survive in other animals, and humans are the only hosts for HPV. HPV infects the epidermis causing proliferative lesions called warts and the mucosal squamous epithelium causing proliferative lesions called papillomas. When the body is infected with HPV, it first resides in the deep basal cells of the skin, and as the basal cells gradually “evolve” into the epidermal cells, HPV magically turns against the skin cells: from being an outsider riding on the cells, it turns into the owner of the cells. Viral analysis has identified 100 types of human papillomatosis, causing at least 10 diseases in humans. The common one is common warts, with a prevalence of up to 50% in school-age children. It can also cause a variety of sexually transmitted diseases, the most prominent of which is condyloma acuminata. Some types of HPV are also associated with the development of malignant lesions of the reproductive tract, such as cervical and vaginal cancers. hpv can also cause squamous epithelial papillomas if they are in the airways. We are familiar with flat warts and cervical cancer, but many patients do not know what is squamous epithelial papilloma? 1. Squamous epithelial papilloma is relatively rare among respiratory tumors, accounting for about 0.38% of lung tumors, but studies have shown that the base of this tumor is prone to carcinogenesis. Nearly 1/3 of patients are incidentally found by radiological examination and have no clinical symptoms and signs. Depending on the site of origin and the size of the tumor, patients can present with different clinical symptoms. Mild cases can be asymptomatic and no positive signs on physical examination; 2. Cough is the most common clinical manifestation, which is very easy to be misdiagnosed as asthma and tracheal cancer. Although squamous epithelial papilloma is considered a benign lesion, focal cellular anisotropy is present and the recurrence rate approaches 20%. Individual cases can become cancerous or even infiltrate on the basis of squamous epithelium appearing heterogeneous. There is no exact etiology and it may be related to environmental factors, viral infections, inflammatory stimuli, and metabolic reactions. For squamous epithelial papilloma, we can choose bronchoscopic treatment, such as electrocautery ablation, laser excision, freezing, intraluminal brachytherapy and photodynamic therapy, which can achieve a curative effect. It is especially important to note that after treatment, strict follow-up is required to prevent recurrence and malignant changes.