Anesthesia is the most important component of surgery, and the majority of surgeries cannot be performed without it. Professionally, we generally do not talk about the side effects of general anesthesia, but only about the risks of anesthesia and the possible complications. The risks of general anesthesia mainly include drug allergy leading to severe anaphylaxis, etc., reflux aspiration leading to airway obstruction, aspiration pneumonia or lung infection, bronchospasm leading to hypoventilation, hypoxia and intraoperative changes in the patient’s condition causing severe hypertension, hypotension and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents. For elderly patients, they are more prone to deterioration of primary diseases during anesthesia and surgery than young people, for example, patients will develop severe hypertension and myocardial infarction will occur with much higher probability than young people. Some elderly patients may also experience postoperative cognitive dysfunction after major surgery. If intraoperative complications arise, the anesthesiologist is on hand to take appropriate treatment measures.