The temporal lobe is below the lateral fissure of the brain and above the middle cranial fossa and the cerebellar tegmental incision. The temporal lobe is bordered anteriorly by the frontal lobe, superiorly by the frontoparietal lobe, and posteriorly by the occipital lobe. There is a superior temporal sulcus, a middle temporal sulcus, and an inferior temporal sulcus dividing the temporal lobe into the superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and inferior temporal gyrus, respectively. The temporal lobe is mainly supplied by branches of the middle cerebral artery. The anterior branch supplies the lateral aspect of the temporal lobe, the middle temporal branch supplies the lateral and central aspect of the temporal lobe, and the posterior temporal branch supplies the posterior part of the temporal lobe. The temporal lobe’s role in the body includes hearing, speech, smell, memory, and mental activity. When the temporal lobe suffers from a disease, the disease is mainly characterized and localized based on the patient’s clinical manifestations, imaging tests, etc., and treated according to the patient’s condition.