The hazards of falls: 1, physical: resulting in muscle damage, such as head injury, fracture disease, and in serious cases, hospitalization. 2.Psychological aspect: Fear of falling again makes you afraid to go out, resulting in musculoskeletal stiffness, which makes falls more desirable. 3.Social aspect: the quality of life decreases after a fall because of the difficulty in mobility, and also more dependent on family care. Causes of falls: 1.Sight problems or eye diseases; 2.Degeneration of body functions, such as osteoporosis, Parkinson’s disease, weakness of legs and feet, arthritis, etc.; 3.Decreased cognitive ability, fall due to misjudgment of the environment; 4.Many drugs such as antihypertensive drugs, sedatives, painkillers, anti-allergy drugs, etc. can dull the senses; 5.Diabetes, hypertension, sexually transmitted diseases, etc. can easily lead to dizziness and falls; 6. Environmental factors: insufficient light, slippery or uneven ground, high door bars and no handrails, obstructions in the passage; 7, personal factors: wearing too long and too big pants and shoes; sudden change of position, such as getting up immediately after waking up; taking things from high places, doing something in a hurry; inattentiveness; nerve damage caused by long-term alcohol abuse. Preventive measures: 1. Regularly check vision and hearing, wear appropriate glasses and hearing aids; use appropriate walking aids such as canes, tripods, wheelchairs, etc. 2.Strengthen physical function exercise, exercise to increase musculoskeletal flexibility and endurance. 3.People with dementia or cognitive impairment need to be accompanied. 4. Understand the side effects of medications, take them regularly, and inform your doctor immediately if you feel unwell. Some medications can make you feel dizzy easily when you shift your body, so you should slow down your movements. 5.Improve the environment: adequate light; clear passage; no water and wet floor; fixed furnishings, daily items placed in an easy to reach place, avoid bending down to get things; bed and bedside wheels should be fixed to avoid movement; bed end rocker should be returned to its place after use; dining board should not be placed at the end of the bed to avoid tripping over others.