Recent studies have found that myopia, especially high myopia, is another high risk factor for glaucoma development in addition to intraocular pressure. In an Australian eye study, the prevalence of glaucoma was 4.2%, 4.4%, and 1.5% for those with low myopia, moderate to high myopia, and no myopia, respectively, with myopic patients being significantly more likely to develop glaucoma than those without myopia. The Beijing Eye Institute found that the prevalence of glaucoma was significantly higher in the high myopia group (7.1%) than in the moderate myopia (2.3%), low myopia (2.4%), orthopia (0.8%) and hyperopia groups (1.8%). For every 1 mm increase in eye axis, the chance of glaucoma increased by 26%. The exact pathogenesis is not clear, but it may be that the scleral structure remodeling occurs during the lengthening of the eye axis in myopic patients, resulting in abnormal atrial angle structure and weak scleral septa that predispose to glaucoma. The clinical diagnosis of glaucoma currently relies on morphological analysis of the optic nerve (e.g., loss of disc rims, nerve fiber layer defects) and visual field examination. Similar fundus changes often occur in high myopia, and the peripapillary arc of atrophy and macular atrophy caused by high myopia can itself lead to visual field defects. Therefore, patients with myopia, especially high myopia, should be more alert to the development of glaucoma.