Mediastinal infection is considered to be a more serious disease with severe clinical symptoms, usually characterized by coughing, fever, painful swallowing, dyspnea, tachycardia, etc. If this disease is not treated in time, it can lead to a variety of complications. Mediastinal infection refers to infection within the mediastinum caused by various pathogenic bacteria such as staphylococcus and gram-negative bacteria. Patients may experience symptoms such as cough, fever, pain in swallowing, dyspnea, and tachycardia, which can affect normal life. Mediastinal infections are currently treated with medication and surgery, and generally have a better prognosis after early diagnosis and timely treatment. The presence of mediastinal infection, if not treated in time, can lead to bleeding, pneumothorax, sepsis, carotid artery pseudoaneurysm, internal jugular vein thrombosis, main pulmonary artery fistula, acute respiratory distress syndrome, aspiration pneumonia, retroperitoneal abscess and other complications. Patients with mediastinal infection should maintain a good mindset in daily life, actively cooperate with treatment, and focus on self-management, which will help the disease to heal.