I. Overview of malignant tumors Malignant tumors have become one of the most serious diseases that endanger human health at present. According to the estimation of the World Health Organization, among the global population of 5 billion, about 5 million people die from malignant tumors every year, with an average of 3,500 people per minute, and 10 million new malignant tumor patients are found every year. The prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of tumors have become a social issue closely related to every human family. In China, according to the survey data in 1970s, the number of malignant tumor patients was estimated to be 1.5 million, and there were about 1 million newly discovered malignant tumor patients every year, and about 700,000 people died from malignant tumor every year, in the four economically developed provinces and cities of Fujian, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, malignant tumor has been the first cause of death. According to the data of some provinces, cities and counties in China in the mid-1980s, the number of patients dying of malignant tumors in China has increased to 900,000 every year, which is about 1.3 times of that in the mid-1970s. Since the 1980s, with the aging process of our population, together with the increase of urban population, the rapid development of urban industrial production, the aggravation of environmental pollution, the influence of smoking and other bad living habits, the threat of malignant tumors to the health of our people has become more and more serious. At present, the annual incidence of malignant tumors in China is about 1.6 million, and the number of deaths is about 1.3 million, and there are more than 2 million patients with current diseases. According to the results of the survey on the causes of death of Chinese population in the early 1990s, malignant tumors ranked second in the causes of death, and became a common disease and multiple diseases that seriously endangered the life and health of Chinese people. In the past and even now, some doctors only rely on a CT film, X-ray and other information to judge whether a patient has a tumor or not, and do not consult the doctors of internal medicine, radiology, pathology and other related departments, and then operate on the patient. Sometimes, after opening the abdominal cavity of the patient, it is found that the tumor has metastasized extensively or is not a tumor at all. As a result, patients spend money and suffer, and delay the treatment of other diseases, which can easily lead to doctor-patient conflicts. The era of judging whether a tumor is a tumor or not by imaging alone has long passed, but now is the era of evidence-based medicine and the era of multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment of tumors. Tumor treatment is a comprehensive medicine, involving imaging, pathology, internal medicine, surgery, radiotherapy, etc. What treatment method a patient needs should be evaluated by multidisciplinary experts to give the best treatment plan. Not all tumors need to be treated by surgery, after all, there are disadvantages such as post-operative sequelae and functional disorders. Surgery also cannot prevent distant metastasis of cancer cells, and some of the surgeries have certain risks, sometimes when the tumor has metastasized to lymph nodes or large blood vessels, then surgery is not possible. In this regard, there is still a lack of unified standard in China, and the market of treatment tumor is still very confusing, which leads to the overall low cure rate of tumor patients. The treatment of malignant tumors is a difficult problem in modern medicine, as many patients face the risk of death. As of the 21st century, the most advanced medical science is able to provide patients with about half the chance of cure. Not only does the incidence of cancer continue to rise, but it is also showing a tendency to occur at a younger age. Many young adults are struck down by cancer in their most productive years of life, which is a great misfortune not only to themselves but also to their families and a great loss of wealth to the society. Due to the lack of standardized treatment, the 5-year survival rate of tumor patients in China is less than 25%, and the survival rate of big cities like Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai is only 40%, while that of developed countries such as the United States is as high as 68%. No more than half of the patients in China receive standardized treatment. At present, there is an abnormal phenomenon of “blossoming” in tumor treatment in China, the same cancer patients have completely different treatment methods in the hands of different hospitals and doctors. There are many kinds of irregularities in tumor treatment, such as tumor patients who are not suitable for surgery but undergo surgery, patients who do not need radiotherapy but are given radiotherapy or are not given radiotherapy, patients who should be given regular chemotherapy but are given chemotherapy drugs indiscriminately, all these phenomena are common. However, in the above-mentioned irregularities, the most common and most serious is the phenomenon of indiscriminate use of chemotherapy. Now, in any level of hospital, not only the oncology department receives chemotherapy patients, but also almost all clinical departments give chemotherapy to tumor patients in varying degrees, and the adverse consequences of doing so have been repeatedly reported in the press, to the point that it must be faced squarely. In Europe and the United States, the majority of cancer patients receive standard and standardized treatment plans, except for those undergoing clinical trials. Standardized and comprehensive treatment is the key in cancer diagnosis and treatment, which can not only reduce the treatment cost and improve the healing survival rate of patients, but also improve the business level of medical personnel. At present, the international academic community has adopted “evidence-based medicine, standardized diagnosis and treatment, and individualized treatment” as the standardized principles of cancer treatment. To put it simply, it is required that each tumor patient should be treated in a standardized and reasonable manner from initial diagnosis, to determination of treatment plan, to clinical treatment, and to continued treatment during the recovery period. For a long time, some departments in many hospitals have been forcing patients to stay in their own departments due to the interest factor, resulting in some unreasonable phenomena such as “surgery doing radiotherapy and chemotherapy”, which prevent patients from getting standardized and reasonable treatment. The advanced practice in foreign countries is to organize professional doctors from various departments to formulate comprehensive and standardized treatment plans and medication guidance for patients, and then patients can go to the corresponding departments for treatment with the plans, which fully reflects the standardization and individualization of diagnosis and treatment. Multidisciplinary and multimodal treatment has been internationally recognized as a model of tumor treatment, which is applicable to almost all tumors, emphasizing the application of “professional team” composed of various tumor-related disciplines to work together and cooperate tacitly in order to obtain the best treatment for patients. For example, early stage I lung cancer should be treated mainly locally due to limited lesions, while advanced stage patients with distant metastases should be treated with systemic effects, such as chemotherapy. The multidisciplinary treatment plan development has different combinations according to the type and stage, and is closely related to the efficacy, which are also one of the main elements in the tumor treatment specification. Multidisciplinary treatment is the application of theories and practices of different disciplines in tumor treatment, rather than the simple addition of different treatment methods. In China, the concept of multidisciplinary comprehensive tumor treatment was first proposed by the famous oncologist Prof. Sun Yan in 1996, and in 1997, on the basis of summarizing the domestic and international experience, Prof. Zhou Qinghua from West China University of Medical Sciences in Sichuan proposed the definition of multidisciplinary comprehensive lung cancer treatment: “According to the patient’s body condition, pathological type of lung cancer, degree of cell differentiation, biological behavior, immune function status, relevant genetic structure, the patient’s immune function, the patient’s immune function, the patient’s immune function, the patient’s immune function, the patient’s immune function, and the patient’s immune function. Based on the patient’s body condition, pathological type, cell differentiation, biological behavior, immune function, structural or/and functional changes of relevant genes, the scope of lung cancer invasion (pathology) and development trend, as well as the “individualized staging” of lung cancer biology and molecular biology, the existing treatments are applied in a rational and planned manner from both the local and overall viewpoints of the patient, with the aim of We can say with confidence that malignant lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. We can safely say that malignant tumor treatment is now in the era of comprehensive treatment, people no longer argue which treatment is more brilliant, and there are no longer the so-called doctrines such as “one knife”, “big radiation” and “drug cure-all”. There is no longer any so-called “one knife”, “big radiation”, “drug all-purpose” and other so-called doctrines. The former situation of mutual exclusion and non-cooperation has been replaced by a comprehensive treatment group in which multiple disciplines work together to complement each other and strive to maximize the treatment of patients. In many oncology centers, there are not only disciplinary research groups, but also horizontal research groups. Significant advances in clinical oncology have been inseparable from comprehensive care, with better examples being ovarian tumors, osteosarcoma, breast cancer, SCLC, and colorectal cancer. The principle of treatment of malignancies is integrative, and oncologists agree on it. However, in clinical practice, not everyone acts in unison. This is mainly due to the division of clinical departments in hospitals and the fact that physicians are administratively affiliated with a certain department in daily medical practice and treat patients by a certain means (scalpel, radiotherapy or drugs), which has formed a “professional bias” over time and is keen to apply the role of this treatment to the neglect of the role of other treatments. The more common anomaly is that doctors of various disciplines prefer their own treatment when receiving patients, and then refer to other disciplines after failure, which does not belong to multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment. Tumor prevention and treatment methods have their own requirements in terms of knowledge, technology, operation and treatment, which are highly specialized and have been developed into disciplines for many years, such as radiotherapy with full-time physicians in charge of clinical, but also need technicians and physicists in charge of operation and calculation in order to be effective and less harmful, surgical treatment has stronger technical requirements and is subspecialized due to lesion sites, such as brain surgery, thoracic surgery, abdominal surgery, etc. Similarly, although chemotherapy is In the 1970s and 1980s, the United States and Europe have implemented the chemotherapy qualification system, and only medical oncologists who have passed the professional training and qualification are qualified to carry out chemotherapy with a certificate. In recent years, new biological target therapy and gene therapy have entered the clinic, and the standardized treatment of tumors has become more important. We emphasize rational and planned treatment, which requires more discussion and consultation beforehand in order to maximize the rational arrangement of treatment for the benefit of patients.