Infantile fistulas occur within the first 6 months of life and account for 66.7% of pediatric fistulas, more in males than females. Some of these fistulas heal spontaneously, but they can recur in adults. The main cause of perianal abscess is the formation of anal fistula, so first of all, we should promote breastfeeding, a reasonable scientific diet, to enhance the immunity of infants and children; secondly, to strengthen the care of the buttocks, to keep the diapers dry, and avoid the use of irritating detergents and care products. With the gradual improvement of anesthesia and surgical techniques, the risk of pediatric anal fistula surgery has been greatly reduced. For children with fistulas that have formed, surgery is generally recommended if conservative treatment is ineffective and recurrent infections are severe.