The presence of hematoma after lumbar spine surgery can be determined by MRI and symptoms of nerve damage. If postoperative patients show symptoms such as severe pain in the back and muscle weakness in the lower limbs, it may be caused by hematoma compressing the nerves, and MRI should be performed immediately after the symptoms appear, and it is recommended to remove the hematoma as soon as possible if it is clear that a hematoma exists. Lumbar spine surgery is traumatic, if a small amount of bruising occurs, it can usually be absorbed on its own without special treatment; if a large amount of bruising occurs and a hematoma is formed, it is necessary to remove the hematoma through puncture and suction, and carry out compression treatment to avoid the formation of hematoma in the future. In case of hematoma after lumbar spine surgery, emergency surgery should be carried out in time to remove the hematoma. After lumbar spine surgery, it is necessary to pay attention to wearing a brace to immobilize, appropriate rehabilitation exercise, and promote the recovery of the condition.