The International Society of Gynecologic Urology and the International Continence Society (ICS) define overactive bladder (OAB) as a group of syndromes characterized by symptoms of urinary urgency, often with urinary frequency and nocturia, with or without urge urinary incontinence (UUI). urinary incontinence (UUI), with or without urinary tract infection or localized lesions of the bladder or urethra excluded. The new definition of OAB no longer includes urodynamic examination showing overactivity of the detrusor muscle as an essential condition for diagnosis. Urgency is the most common core symptom of OAB, a sudden or compulsive urge to urinate that is difficult to suppress subjectively and delays urination. Studies have shown that urinary urgency can directly lead to urinary frequency, i.e., an increase in the frequency of urination and a decrease in the interval between urination, which in turn leads to a decrease in the volume of urination at each time. Subjectively, the number of daytime urination is ≥8 times/day, the number of nighttime urination is ≥3 times/night, and the volume of urine per urination is <200 ml. while UUI refers to involuntary leakage of urine accompanied by a sudden, strong desire to urinate. I. Prevalence of OAB in women Population-based survey data show that the prevalence of OAB in women is 9%-43% [2-4]. An epidemiological survey in North America showed that the prevalence of OAB in women was 16.9%, and the prevalence increased to 30.9% in women over 65 years of age with age [5], and the combination of UUI was much higher in women than men with OAB in particular. In addition, nocturia has become the most common lower urinary tract symptom in women, with an incidence of about 54.5%, so OAB symptoms in female patients have a greater impact on quality of life, and OAB patients can also be accompanied by depression, anxiety and other psychiatric problems [6-7]. Due to the lack of awareness of the disorder, many patients do not receive early diagnosis and reasonable treatment, thus seriously affecting the quality of life of patients, bringing great physical and psychological distress to patients, and even affecting marriage. Second, the diagnosis of female OAB OAB is usually a variety of symptoms co-exist. The common symptoms are urinary urgency, urinary frequency, daytime urinary frequency, nocturnal polyuria, UUI, SUI, and nocturnal enuresis, of which the most core symptoms are urinary urgency and frequency. For OAB, the diagnosis is exclusionary, so the initial diagnosis should first exclude urinary tract infection and other urinary tract diseases. In addition to symptom questioning and voiding diaries, relevant scoring scales for urinary urgency symptoms include the Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Score (PPIUS) [8], the Urgency Perception Score (UPS) [9] and the Indevus Urgency Severity Scale (IUSS) [10], all of which facilitate the quantification of urinary urgency symptoms. Urodynamic examination is no longer used as a routine preliminary examination, and therefore involuntary detrusor overactivity as reflected by urodynamic examination is not used as a diagnostic criterion, and the diagnosis of OAB is often made based on clinical symptoms. The initial examination includes routine urine examination, urine culture and determination of post-void residual urine. If no significant abnormalities are found on examination, treatment for OAB can be initiated in conjunction with medical history and clinical symptoms. If abnormalities are found, such as a urine culture identifying a urinary tract infection, symptoms should be evaluated after the infection has been controlled. Further selective investigations include urodynamic studies, cystoscopy, diagnostic renal/bladder ultrasound and neurological examinations, which are generally not routinely performed as part of the OAB. Elective screening examinations should be considered in patients in whom treatment is expected to fail, such as those who have undergone lower urinary tract surgery or pelvic radiotherapy, or in young unborn women with urge incontinence, or in patients with refractory OAB [11]. A comprehensive urodynamic examination not only detects and demonstrates overactivity of the detrusor muscle, but also allows further exclusion of the underlying cause of OAB or a number of conditions that coexist with OAB, including bladder outlet obstruction, voiding dysfunction, and decreased bladder compliance or contractile function. Endoscopic evaluation can identify a number of potential causes of OAB symptoms, including bladder tumors, carcinoma in situ, ulcers, bladder stones, foreign bodies and bladder. Imaging of the upper urinary tract and neurological evaluation is also necessary prior to lower urinary tract reconstructive surgery in patients with incomplete voiding or hematuria. III. Treatment progress of female OAB 1. Behavioral therapy As the first-line treatment for OAB, it can be applied to all OAB patients, including lifestyle changes, bladder training and pelvic floor muscle training. Good lifestyle is conducive to good urinary habits. Lifestyle changes include fluid intake management, weight loss, smoking cessation, coffee cessation, and keeping bowel movements open. Bladder training, in which patients change their urinary habits by consciously delaying and timing urination, can improve the ability of patients to control their own urination. Pelvic floor muscle training can improve the muscle tone and coordination of pelvic floor muscles and improve the symptoms of urinary incontinence through repeated, conscious contraction and relaxation exercises of pelvic floor muscles. Behavioral therapy emphasizes health education for patients to increase patient understanding of the disease and improve patient compliance, which is conducive to patient adherence to treatment. The contraction of the detrusor muscle is mediated by cholinergic M receptors, so anticholinergic drugs are the most commonly used drugs. The first-line drugs are Tolterodine, Trospium and Solifenacin. One of the reasons why oral anticholinergics should be used as a second-line treatment option is that while it relieves symptoms, it may bring about adverse effects such as dry mouth, dry eyes, blurred vision, and urinary retention. Anticholinergics should not be used in patients with combined narrow-angle glaucoma without the permission of an ophthalmologist, and patients with a history of impaired gastric emptying or urinary retention need to be very cautious in applying anticholinergics. The current study appears to show similar efficacy of various oral anticholinergic drugs for OAB treatment, but analysis of randomized trials suggests differences in adverse effects of the drugs such as dry mouth and constipation. The incidence of dry mouth and constipation was lower with tolterodine treatment than with oxybutynin treatment. The incidence of dry mouth due to tolterodine extended-release was significantly lower than that of tolterodine immediate-release [12]. Choosing a lower incidence of adverse reactions to the sustained-release form of the drug reduces the incidence of patients abandoning treatment due to adverse reactions and helps to improve patient compliance with treatment. Anticholinergic drug therapy is an important complement to conservative treatment of OAB, and a systematic review showed that patients treated with anticholinergic drugs in combination with behavioral therapy had more significant symptomatic improvement than those treated with single bladder training [13]. Botulinum toxin, which blocks the release of acetylcholine from cholinergic nerve terminals, causes paralysis of the detrusor muscle and improves symptoms of detrusor instability when first- and second-line treatments are ineffective. botulinum toxin type A treatment can be administered directly to the bladder in high concentrations, producing efficacy without damaging other tissues and organs. Other medications include calcium channel blockers, potassium channel agonists, capsaicin, periostin, estrogen, etc., all of which are useful for improving OAB symptoms and can be used as appropriate. 3, neuromodulation therapy Neuromodulation is only used for refractory OAB patients when behavioral therapy and medication are not effective due to its high cost and invasive characteristics. Electrical stimulation can activate nerve reflexes and cause muscle contraction, and the sacral nerve roots regulate the function of the lower urinary tract. 4.Surgical treatment Surgical treatment is usually used as a last resort after conservative treatment has failed. Surgical treatment includes bladder denervation, bladder enlargement and urinary diversion. OAB is a chronic condition that causes inconvenience but is not life-threatening and the decision to perform surgery should be made on balance and taking into account the patient's wishes. OAB is common in clinical practice, but its clinical manifestations are not specific and may be combined with other conditions with similar symptoms, and it is often difficult for patients to accurately describe their symptoms and their severity, or they may intentionally conceal or minimize their condition due to shame. The urinary urgency symptom scale and the quality of life questionnaire can help to assess the severity of the disease. The combination of the scale and questionnaire can improve the patient's symptoms and quality of life through early diagnosis and selection of a reasonable treatment plan, by raising awareness of the disease, careful history taking and physical examination.