Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy among women worldwide after breast cancer, and the most common malignancy among women in developing countries. According to statistics, 135,000 new cases occur in China every year, accounting for about 1/4 of the world’s cases, and current information shows that women start to enter a period of high incidence of cervical cancer after the age of 30, and it is not uncommon for young women to have cervical cancer. Postmenopausal women also account for a high proportion of cervical cancer patients, therefore, postmenopausal women should also have regular cervical cancer prevention examinations. After years of efforts by scientific researchers, the cause of cervical cancer is now clear, and there is a causal relationship between cervical cancer and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Therefore, it can be considered that cervical cancer is an infectious disease and is a preventable, treatable and curable tumor. Women can completely prevent cervical cancer if they carefully participate in cervical cancer screening and follow-up because precancerous lesions of the cervix (CIN) are a relatively long time process, about 5-10 years, which makes intervention and treatment possible, and the key is to carefully participate in cervical cancer screening, detect abnormalities early and treat them accordingly, and early stage cancer is completely curable. Recently, the American Comprehensive Cancer Control Network has released a cervical cancer screening protocol developed by 17 authoritative experts, which suggests that women should start screening about 3 years after the start of sexual life, and end it after the age of 70, and should have more than 3 satisfactory and normal cytological examinations within 10 years. The interval of cervical cancer screening is once a year for traditional cytology smear (called Pap smear in China) and once every 2 years for liquid-based thin-layer cytology (TCT in English), and once every 2-3 years for those who are normal for 3 times in a row after the age of 30. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing with a recommended interval of no more than 3 years between cytology and HPV testing. The guidelines for cervical cancer screening, introduced by the China Cancer Research Foundation in 2004, recommend that: in economically developed areas, the starting time for screening is 25-30 years of age, and in less economically developed areas it is 35-40 years of age, and all high-risk groups should be appropriately advanced. The termination time is set at 65 years of age. The interval is 1 time per year, with 2 consecutive normal times, extending the interval to 3 years; 2 consecutive negative HPV times, extending the interval to 5-8 years. The optimal screening regimen should include TCT, HPV testing. Since the traditional Pap smear reading method will have a false negative rate of 2%-50%, excluding the human eye work fatigue and the coated cells are not at a level and affect the diagnosis, there are a large number of red blood cells, white blood cells, mucus and exfoliated necrotic tissue on the smear, thus affecting the correct diagnosis. In order to solve these problems, cytologists have introduced liquid-based thin-layer cytology (TCT) in recent years, which means that these impurities on the smear are removed through technical processing and made into a clear thin-layer smear directly, making it easier for the reader to observe. The detection rate of cervical cancer cells in TCT examination is close to 100%, and it can also detect precancerous lesions and microbial infections such as fungi, trichomonas and chlamydia. Because of its scientific and reliable results, TCT is more and more widely used in cervical cancer screening. TCT technology has been commonly used in the United States and European countries for cervical cancer screening in women. In China, TCT is also commonly used for cervical cancer screening in large and medium-sized cities, but in rural areas of China, the traditional Pap smear reading method is still the simplest and most effective screening method. For women, it is most important to have regular cervical cancer screening every 1-2 years.