The female urinary system consists mainly of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra, of which the anatomy of the urethra is quite different from that of men. The urinary system is mainly responsible for producing and excreting urine, which serves to expel metabolic wastes and water from the body. The kidneys are located in the posterior abdominal wall, at the angle between the 12th rib and the spine, one on each side, and are shaped like fava beans. The inner edge of the kidneys is inwardly recessed as the renal hilum, which is the entry and exit point of renal blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and the renal pelvis. The urine produced by the kidney flows into the ureter through the calyces. The ureter starts from the renal pelvis at the upper margin of the 2nd lumbar vertebrae and ends at the bladder downward, and is about 20-30 cm long.The ureter can be divided into three segments: abdominal, pelvic, and intramural. The bladder and urethra belong to the lower urinary tract. In women, the bladder is located in the pelvic cavity above the pelvic diaphragm, and when the bladder is full, it can go upward over the pubic symphysis. The bladder is shaped like a chestnut and can be divided into four parts: the tip, the body, the base and the neck. On the inner surface of the base of the bladder there are the right and left ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice, and the triangular area between the three orifices is the bladder triangle. The length of the female urethra is about 3~5cm, which is shorter, straighter and wider than the male urethra. The internal urethral opening meets the neck of the bladder, passes downward through the urogenital diaphragm, and ends at the external urethral opening, which is located anterior to the vaginal opening at the perineum.