What tests are performed for meniscus injuries? What are the tests for meniscal injuries? The meniscus is 2 crescent-shaped fibrocartilages located on the medial and lateral articular surfaces of the tibial plateau. Its cross-section is triangular in shape, thick on the outside and thin on the inside, slightly concave on top so as to coincide with the femoral condyles, and flat on the bottom, where it meets the tibial plateau. In terms of the shape and location of the meniscus, simply put, the function of the meniscus is to stabilize the knee joint, transmit load forces to the knee joint, and promote intra-articular nutrition. It is the stabilizing effect of the meniscus that keeps the knee joint from being damaged by years of weight-bearing exercise. So how can you tell if your meniscus is damaged? 1.Preliminary judgment Hyperextension test When the knee joint is fully extended and mildly hyperextended, the meniscus rupture is stretched or squeezed and produces severe pain. What is the test for meniscal injury? What is the test for meniscal injury? Hyperflexion test The knee joint is flexed extremely and the posterior horn of the rupture is stuck and causes severe pain. Meniscus rotation test The patient lies on his back with the affected hip and knee fully flexed. The examiner places one hand on the outer space of the joint for palpation, and the other hand holds the heel and makes a large circular movement of the lower leg, internal rotation circular rotation test of the lateral meniscus, external rotation circular test of the medial meniscus, and gradually extends the knee to 90 degrees while maintaining the rotated position, paying attention to the joint angle when the sound occurs. If the sound is obtained when the joint is in full flexion, it indicates a posterior meniscal horn injury; if the sound occurs when the joint is extended to about 90 degrees, it indicates a body injury; if the sound is obtained when the joint is extended to a slightly flexed position (Mouche test), it indicates a possible anterior meniscal horn injury. What is the examination of meniscus injury? What is the examination of meniscus injury? Grinding test The patient lies prone, the knee joint is flexed to 90 degrees, the examiner presses the lower leg down, and makes the internal and external rotation movement, so that the friction between the femur and tibial joint surface occurs, if the external rotation produces pain, suggest for the lateral meniscus injury, after that the lower leg is lifted up, and makes the internal and external rotation movement, if the external rotation causes pain, suggest for the This test has some practical significance when examining the meniscus of patients with ankylosis of the hip joint. Squat walk test is mainly used to check whether there is injury to the posterior horn of the meniscus, the method is as follows: ask the patient to squat and walk the duck walk, and change the direction from time to time, either left or right, if the patient can complete these movements well, the posterior horn of the meniscus injury can be excluded, if the knee joint can not be fully flexed because of pain, squat walk with a loud sound and knee pain discomfort, is a positive result, the posterior horn of the meniscus rupture cases in the squat walk greedy sound is very This test is only suitable for the examination of adolescent patients and is especially useful for the examination of the meniscus for damage during mass physical examinations. 2. Ancillary examinations X-rays Positive and lateral knee radiographs are important for differential diagnosis and can exclude osteochondral injuries, intra-articular free bodies, bone tumors, etc. They are also important for deciding whether or not to operate, as arthroscopic surgery is generally not indicated in cases of severe osteoarthritis. CT examination The role of CT in the diagnosis of meniscal tears is limited and the accuracy rate is low, and it has been replaced by MRI examination. Meniscal tears appear as morphologic and density changes on CT. One or more irregular linear hypodense areas appear at the site of the tear. MRI A meniscal tear is diagnosed when linear high signal is seen within the meniscus reaching its free edge or articular surface. Depending on the degree of abnormal signal changes within the meniscus in relation to pathologic changes, MRI images of meniscal degeneration and tears with different degrees and morphologic abnormalities can be classified as tertiary signals. Usually tertiary signal changes are seen pathologically as fibrocartilage fractures, so a meniscal tear is diagnosed when tertiary signal is seen on a slice of the meniscus with morphologic irregularities. Arthroscopy can be performed when meniscal injury is only highly suspected clinically and cannot be confirmed or excluded by physical examination and ancillary tests. In recent years, arthroscopy has evolved from being used solely for diagnosis to both diagnosis and treatment, and the diseased meniscus can be treated at the same time when performing arthroscopic exploration. It is important to note that no single test is the only basis for diagnosing a meniscal injury of the knee, and a combination of clinical symptoms, pressure points, and various positive findings tests should be used to make a final diagnosis. Imaging of meniscal injuries is dominated by MRI, which can be up to 90%.