I heard that God cannot be everywhere, so he created mothers, who remain the patron saint of mothers when they reach the age of motherhood. The physiological changes of a pregnant woman during pregnancy, every inch the fetus grows, the discomfort and risk she takes will be one more. Yes, to become a mother you need to bear these pains, and as an obstetrician and gynecologist, we have been struggling with these pregnancy complications and comorbidities in order to ensure a smooth delivery as much as possible. 1. Hyperemesis gravidarum is caused by the fluctuation of estrogen and HCG levels during pregnancy, and is characterized by frequent nausea and vomiting, inability to eat, significant weight loss, electrolyte imbalance and metabolic disorders in the body, and hospitalization for rehydration. Severe cases can cause metabolic acidosis, and there are also cases of renal failure due to severe drop in blood pressure. After pregnancy, peripheral vascular resistance decreases, heart rate increases, blood volume increases and cardiac output increases. During pregnancy, the risk of heart failure and various cardiac pathologies is higher than that of the average woman due to increased cardiac load and hemodynamic changes. 3. Possible postpartum hemorrhage and thrombosis The blood of pregnant women is in a hypercoagulable state during pregnancy, which is mainly conducive to the rapid formation of thrombus in the blood vessels of the detached surface after placental abruption during delivery to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, which is a protective mechanism. If this protective mechanism is “insufficient”, it will lead to postpartum hemorrhage, and if it is “overprotected”, it will lead to the formation of large thrombus emboli, which will travel to the lungs to form pulmonary embolism and endanger life. 4, physiological diabetes and acute pyelonephritis During pregnancy, the kidneys of pregnant women will be slightly larger than normal, and the filtration function of the glomerulus will also increase compared to the non-pregnant, resulting in increased urea, creatinine and other metabolites, the risk of physiological diabetes during pregnancy will increase. Elevated levels of progesterone cause a decrease in ureteral smooth muscle tone, thickening of the ureter, decreased peristalsis, and slow urine flow. In addition, the compression of the right ureter by the right-sided uterus can lead to hydronephrosis. Prone to acute pyelonephritis and urinary stones. 5, susceptible to upper respiratory tract infection During pregnancy, due to the change in the anatomical position of the uterus and the change in hormone levels, pregnant women have increased ventilation, reduced residual air volume, increased air exchange, thickened upper respiratory tract mucosa, mild congestion and edema, and susceptible to upper respiratory tract infection. 6, easy to induce cholecystitis and cholelithiasis Influenced by hormones, the tension of the various muscular tissues of the digestive tract decreases during pregnancy, the digestive function decreases, easy to occur pancreatic sphincter relaxation gastric contents reflux produces heartburn, stomach emptying time is prolonged bloating, gallbladder emptying time is prolonged resulting in bile stasis induced cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. In addition, the weakening of intestinal peristalsis is likely to induce constipation, and increased intestinal venous pressure is likely to induce hemorrhoids. 7, gestational diabetes and thyroid function abnormalities During pregnancy, due to the increased demand for nutrients by the fetus, the level of estrogen and progesterone increases, which will increase the use of glucose by the mother. The low blood sugar of pregnant women during fasting can cause hypoglycemic coma and ketoacidosis. By the middle and late stages of pregnancy, the sensitivity of pregnant women to insulin decreases. Gestational diabetes may occur if the pregnant woman’s islet function is not very “strong”. During pregnancy, the morphology and function of the thyroid gland change significantly due to changes in hormone levels, mainly in the form of increased function and increased physiological demand for thyroxine during pregnancy, making it prone to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, which can aggravate the condition for those who suffer from hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. 8, chloasma and stretch marks The change of hormone level during pregnancy will stimulate the secretion of a large amount of melanin, resulting in pigmentation of various organs of pregnant women. When the pigmentation is more obvious on the face, butterfly-shaped brown chloasma may be formed. In addition, due to the increased secretion of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex during pregnancy, it can prompt the decomposition, degeneration and breakage of elastin, resulting in a large number of purple or light red stretch marks. 9, lumbosacral pain Placental secretion of relaxin can make pregnant women pelvic ligaments and intervertebral joints, ligaments and pubic symphysis relaxation, some pregnant women will appear more obvious lumbosacral pain discomfort. 10.Postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction Pelvic floor dysfunction mainly includes two categories: stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. About more than one third of women suffer from pelvic floor dysfunction in their lifetime, and the incidence is increasing year by year. Pregnancy itself has a significant impact on pelvic floor muscle function, and even cesarean delivery inevitably produces varying degrees of damage to the pelvic floor muscles. Stress urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and sexual dysfunction can occur when muscle strength reaches below level 4. Not to mention the possibility of postpartum hemorrhage, amniotic fluid embolism, perineal laceration during delivery, postpartum puerperal infection and postpartum depression, etc. etc. …… I heard that God cannot be everywhere, so He created mothers, mothers guarded me, and obstetricians and gynecologists guarded mothers. On this special day of Mother’s Day, I thank my mother for guarding me, and I thank my doctor for guarding my mother. Do you know how to deal with those pregnancy-related diseases?