The causes of muscle spasms include physiologic and pathologic causes, and different treatments are used for different causes. 1. Physiological causes (1) Excessive fatigue: excessive use of muscles or maintaining a fixed position for a long time can cause temporary narrowing of local blood vessels, resulting in muscle spasm, which can be relieved by rest and appropriate activities. (2) Strenuous exercise: Exercise intensity is too high: muscle spasm may also be triggered when the intensity or volume of exercise is suddenly increased. The symptom can be relieved by resting, pulling the muscles and applying hot compresses. (3) Cold and chilled: in a cold environment, muscles are more susceptible to cold air stimulation and a sudden increase in excitability, leading to muscle spasms. Avoid spasms by keeping warm and avoiding cold. 2. Pathological causes (1) Calcium deficiency: when the body is deficient in calcium, it may lead to excessive excitation of the muscle nerves, which may cause muscle spasms. At this time, you can follow the doctor’s instructions to take calcium gluconate, calcium carbonate tablets, calcium lactate and other medications for proper calcium supplementation to alleviate the symptoms. (2) Water-electrolyte imbalance: Excessive consumption of body fluids can cause sensitization of nerve endings, resulting in contraction of the space around the nerves and muscle spasms, which can be supplemented with electrolyte solution to alleviate the symptoms of muscle spasms. (3) Tetanus: the toxin inhibits the inhibition of motor neurons by the central nervous system and strengthens the response of motor neurons to afferent stimuli, causing muscle contractures. Comprehensive treatment measures should be actively taken to remove the source of the toxin, thoroughly debride the wound, and treat with tetanus immunoglobulin or tetanus antitoxin as early as possible. It is recommended that patients with muscle spasms that have not been relieved for a long period of time should go to the hospital in time in order to identify the cause of the disease and treat the cause.