Esophageal congestion and edema is usually caused by esophageal inflammation stimulation, which may be gastroesophageal reflux disease, early esophageal cancer and so on. Clinical treatment is mostly drug therapy, and interventional surgery is performed when necessary. 1. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Reflux heartburn is a common symptom. Generally due to the abnormal structure and function of anti-reflux barrier, it causes epithelial necrosis of esophageal mucosa, infiltration of inflammatory cells, mucosal erosion and ulcer formation. Generally, acid inhibitor omeprazole, mucosal protective agent such as bismuth potassium citrate, and drugs promoting gastrointestinal dynamics such as domperidone are used. 2. Early esophageal cancer: the lesions are only limited to the mucosal layer and submucosal layer, and are not accompanied by lymph node metastasis. Gastroscopy shows congestion, plaque, erosion and papilla. It is better to use endoscopic treatment in early stage, including endoscopic mucosal resection, multi-ring ligation mucosal resection, endoscopic stripping, endoscopic radiofrequency ablation and so on. If there is congestion and edema of the esophageal mucosa, you need to seek medical treatment as soon as possible to avoid delay.