Why is the rubella virus so scary? 1. Rubella virus is an RNA virus, a virus that is limited to transmission between humans. 2, rubella is an acute infectious disease caused by rubella virus spread through the air, mainly in the spring. 3, rubella virus is prone to vertical infection, for pregnant women, the invasion will lead to fetal malformations, premature birth or fetal death, should be taken seriously. 4. When a pregnant woman is first infected with rubella virus in early pregnancy, the virus can enter the fetus through the placental barrier, often resulting in miscarriage or stillbirth, and can also lead to congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus. Children with congenital rubella syndrome may develop hearing impairment, eye and heart defects, and other lifelong disabilities, including autism, diabetes, and thyroid dysfunction. Mechanism When a pregnant woman is infected with rubella virus in the third month of pregnancy or less, the rubella virus can enter the fetus through the placenta and cause fetal malformations. The earlier a pregnant woman is infected with rubella virus, the greater the likelihood of teratogenicity. Serological studies have shown that women of childbearing age who have been infected with rubella virus are not likely to cause harm to the fetus after pregnancy, even if they are re-infected. However, about 10% of women of childbearing age who are susceptible to rubella have a fetal teratogenicity rate of over 80% if they are first infected with rubella virus during the first trimester of pregnancy. This is because the fetus within 3 months of conception does not yet have the ability to synthesize interferon, which makes it difficult to resist rubella virus infection. As a result, the rubella virus multiplies, blocking cell division and preventing tissue differentiation, resulting in malformations, such as cleft lip, cleft palate, microcephaly, cataract, congenital deafness, and bone development disorders. Rubella virus floats in the air along with a person’s cough and sneeze. After inhalation of the rubella virus in people with weak resistance, symptoms begin to appear after an incubation period of 2 to 3 weeks. They begin with general malaise, followed by fever, swollen lymph nodes behind the ears and occipital area, and a pale red, fine dotted papule that extends over the entire body within a short period of time, with unpleasant or slight itching, and mostly subsides within 2-3 days without leaving a trace. The signs and symptoms of rubella are similar to those of colds and urticaria, so it is not given much attention. The key to preventing rubella virus is to reduce face-to-face contact with rubella patients and don’t forget to get rubella vaccination in the first trimester of pregnancy. Do not talk face-to-face with rubella patients. Pregnant women should avoid going to public places as much as possible. If a pregnant woman comes into contact with a rubella patient, she should be passively immunized with a high dose of placental globulin within 5 days. If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with rubella within the first 3 months of pregnancy, abortion needs to be considered. Women of childbearing age who have first recovered from rubella should ideally not become pregnant for 6 months. World Health Organization position Given the existing global burden of congenital rubella syndrome, the measles vaccine delivery strategy provides an opportunity for concerted rubella vaccination and a platform to advance efforts to eliminate rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. There are two commonly used regimens for rubella vaccine. One is focused exclusively on reducing congenital rubella syndrome and is administered primarily to adolescent girls and/or women of childbearing age to provide individual protection. The other regimen is more comprehensive and focuses on interrupting rubella virus transmission, thereby eliminating rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. To ensure the success of this program, rubella vaccination should be combined with a measles vaccine delivery strategy, primarily using a combination vaccine such as MR or MMR.