Geriatric diseases can present with a variety of clinical symptoms. The eight most common clinical conditions include habitual constipation and urinary incontinence, falls, abnormal mental behavior, insomnia, malnutrition, cognitive decline, lower extremity weakness, and chronic pain, most often seen in people with chronic diseases such as sarcopenia, lung infections, Alzheimer’s disease, osteoporosis, tumors, and cardiovascular disease. The symptoms of these diseases can occur singly or in combination, and are clinically known as geriatric syndromes. Due to their special characteristics, the clinical manifestations of diseases in the elderly are often atypical. For example, patients with pneumonia do not present with typical manifestations of lobar pneumonia such as fever, chest pain, cough and sputum, but only with poor nasal health, falls and mental symptoms. Therefore, it is important to be alert to the common symptoms of the elderly and to complete the necessary tests so as not to neglect to miss the diagnosis.