Medication is the preferred treatment for patients with epilepsy, while surgery may be considered for those patients with intractable or refractory epilepsy that is difficult to control with medication, but surgical treatment requires strict surgical indications. A rigorous preoperative evaluation is generally required, requiring multidisciplinary consultation and collaboration among neurosurgery, neurology or pediatric neurology specialists, and imaging. Surgery is selected for: 1) patients with intractable epilepsy; 2) patients with partial seizures; 3) pathological brain changes that can be surgically removed; 4) children between the ages of 14 and 40; and 5) children with an IQ score of no less than 60. Surgery can stop seizures or reduce seizures in about 50% of patients, but patients still need to take antiepileptic drugs for 1-2 years after surgery, and the dosage can be gradually reduced if there are no seizures and the EEG is normal, and postoperative complications such as hemiplegia, hemianopia and aphasia may occur in some parts of the surgery. Surgery should not be considered for those with immature brain development, those with obvious psychiatric symptoms such as paranoia, depression, schizophrenia, and those with IQ scores below 60.