Q: Many people snore in their sleep, and according to the World Health Organization, the number of illnesses and deaths caused by snoring is increasing, what do you think of the snoring problem? What are the causes of snoring? What are the hazards? Answer: According to the survey, the number of diseases and deaths caused by snoring is increasing, and about 4,000 people die every day due to various diseases caused by snoring around the world. Research shows that the main problem of sleep is sleep apnea and hypoventilation syndrome, commonly known as “snoring”, which refers to sleep snoring accompanied by pauses in breathing. It is usually categorized into three types: Obstructive, Central, and Mixed, of which Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypoventilation Syndrome (OSAHS) is the most common type. Causes: 1. The older the person is, the easier he/she snores; 2. The heavier the person is, the easier he/she snores; 3. The more fatigued the person is, the easier he/she snores; 4. Drinking alcohol or taking sleeping pills, the easier he/she snores; 5. Upper respiratory tract diseases or malformations that produce snoring, for example, enlarged adenoids, enlarged palatine tonsils, sinusitis, hypertrophic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, curvature of the nasal septum, nasal vestibulitis, nasal abscess, pharyngitis, laryngitis, stomatitis, and allergic rhinitis. Pharyngitis, laryngitis, stomatitis, long soft palate or uvula, mandibular hypoplasia, malocclusion and malocclusion. Social hazards: snoring disturbs people; affects family happiness; traffic and safety accidents rise; children snoring affects intellectual and physical development, leading to the decline of national quality. Self-damage: more than 98% of children with snoring have problems such as slow growth, hyperactivity and lack of concentration. Because growth hormone is mainly secreted during deep sleep at night, snoring at night will directly lead to the decline of growth hormone secretion. Therefore, children suffering from snoring will generally have short stature, intellectual developmental disorders, inattention, irritability and hyperactivity, and they do not like to study. Adults, due to long-term oxygen deprivation, have serious damage to various organs of the body, such as intractable headache and hypertension; coronary heart disease; fatty liver; elevated blood glucose; senile dementia; women appear particularly senile; male hypogonadism; and in serious cases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents and sudden death can occur. Various diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, stroke and dementia. Q: Rhinitis is a common disease, rhinitis is divided into which categories? How to distinguish? A: Rhinitis can be divided into acute rhinitis, chronic simple rhinitis, chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, dry rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis, caseous rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, medication rhinitis, etc. Eight, their respective characteristics are as follows: (1) acute rhinitis. Caused by acute infection, commonly known as “cold” or “cold”, there can be systemic symptoms, in the fall and winter or the turn of winter and spring is common. It is common in the fall, winter or spring. The disease usually improves gradually after 7 to 14 days. Those with strong resistance may recover without treatment. It is worth noting that many acute infectious diseases are accompanied by acute rhinitis local symptoms and lack of infectious diseases themselves, clinical attention should be paid to differentiate. (2) chronic simple rhinitis. It is a common disease that develops from acute rhinitis. With the combination of bacterial secondary infection, incomplete treatment and repeated attacks. (3) Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. Developed from chronic simple rhinitis, it is caused by the proliferation of nasal mucosa and turbinate due to long-term chronic inflammation and stagnation in the nose. (4) Dry rhinitis. The occurrence of dry rhinitis is closely related to climate and occupational factors. The nasal mucosa is subjected to long-term stimulation and mucus gland atrophy, reduced secretion caused by the nasal mucosa is dry and even superficial erosion. (5) Atrophic rhinitis. Mainly by the nasal mucosa, nasal bone membrane and turbinate atrophy. Nasal tissue atrophy, although the nasal cavity is wider, but the nasal mucosa is thereby losing its normal physiological function, the formation of dry crusts in the nose, will make the patient ventilation is not smooth. (6) Caseous rhinitis. It is a rare nasal disease. Clinical characteristics of the nasal cheese-like material accumulation, there is a bad smell, over time erosion of soft tissue and bone, the occurrence of intranasal and extranasal deformities. (7) Allergic rhinitis. Also known as allergic rhinitis, the nasal mucosa is highly sensitive to certain components in the inhaled air. (8) Drug rhinitis. Pharmacologic rhinitis is the result of inappropriate nasal medication for a long period of time, can also be understood as a chronic rhinitis. The cause is inappropriate nasal medication, including the use of strong nasal mucosal vasoconstrictor nasal drops, high concentration of medication, overdose or long-term use of medication. Q: What types of otitis media are there? What are the main symptoms? How to treat? A: It is divided into acute otitis media, chronic suppurative otitis media and middle ear cholesteatoma. Acute otitis media can be divided into two categories: acute non-purulent otitis media and acute purulent otitis media. Acute non-purulent otitis media mainly refers to secretory otitis media. The main symptoms of acute suppurative otitis media are as follows: 1, earache, most patients with tympanic membrane perforation before the pain is severe, sleepless nights, a few patients can be no obvious earache symptoms. 2, hearing loss and tinnitus early in the course of the disease, patients often have obvious ear boring, low-pitched tinnitus and hearing loss. Deafness may be reduced at a later stage when the tympanic membrane is not perforated. 3, pus flow after perforation of the tympanic membrane, there is liquid out of the ear, initially blood and water pus, and later become purulent secretion. 4.Systemic symptoms vary in severity. There may be cold, fever, lassitude, and poor appetite. Pediatric patients have more severe symptoms, often accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea and other similar gastrointestinal symptoms. Once the tympanic membrane is perforated, the body temperature will gradually decrease and the systemic symptoms will be significantly reduced. Treatment: control the infection, smooth drainage, remove the cause of the disease because of its therapeutic principles. Secretory otitis media main symptoms: (1) hearing loss: hearing loss, self-hearing enhancement. When the head position is tilted forward or favoring the healthy side, the hearing can be temporarily improved because the fluid leaves the cochlea window (transpositional hearing improvement). When the effusion is thick, the hearing may not be changed by the head position. Children are often unresponsive to sound, inattentive and have decreased academic performance, and are brought to the doctor by their parents. (2) Earache: Acute patients may have vague earache, which is often the first symptom of patients, and may be persistent or throbbing. Chronic earache is not obvious. (3) Tinnitus: mostly low-pitched intermittent, such as “popping” sound, buzzing and running water. When the head movement or yawning, blowing the nose, the sound of air over water can appear in the ear. (4) The skin around the patient has a “wooden” feeling, and psychologically there is a sense of boredom. Treatment: Clearing the fluid in the middle ear, improving the ventilation and drainage of the middle ear and treating the cause of the disease are the principles of treatment for this disease. Chronic purulent otitis media main symptoms: (1) ear overflow ear overflow for intermittent, or long-term persistent, upper respiratory tract infection or re-infection through the external auditory canal, ear overflow episodes or increase. (2)Hearing lossHearing loss varies in degree, and the mild cases may not be self-conscious, and hearing loss is only realized when the hearing loss is serious. Pure tone hearing test shows conductive or mixed hearing loss, the degree of severity varies. (3) Tinnitus may occur in some patients. The principle of treatment is to control infection, smooth drainage, remove lesions, restore hearing and eliminate the cause of the disease. Middle ear cholesteatoma is a kind of cystic structure located in the middle ear, not a true tumor. Main symptoms: 1, ear overflow secondary cholesteatoma has long-term pus in the ear, the amount of pus varies, due to the secondary infection of putrefactive bacteria, the pus often has a special bad smell. In the early stage of acquired primary cholesteatoma, there is no pus in the ear, and there is ear overflow only when there is combined infection. In otoscopic examination, perforation of the loose part of the tympanic membrane or marginal perforation above the back of the tense part of the tympanic membrane, or large perforation of the tympanic membrane, there is a grayish-white scaly or pea-slag-like amorphous material within the tympanic cavity visible from the perforation, which is peculiarly foul-smelling. The perforation may be accompanied by granulation tissue. 2.Hearing loss: Early limited cholesteatoma within the primary upper tympanic cavity may not have any symptom and does not cause obvious hearing loss. If the auditory chain is damaged, hearing loss may be the first diagnosis. Secondary cholesteatomas generally have more severe conductive or mixed hearing loss. Since cholesteatoma can act as a sound transmission bridge between the defective auditory ossicles, even if the auditory ossicles have been partially destroyed, the hearing loss may not be very obvious. 3.Tinnitus may have high or low pitch tinnitus. Early on, there is no tinnitus.4. High-resolution CT scan of the temporal bone shows that the upper tympanic chamber, the tympanic sinus or mastoid has a bone damage area, and its edge is dense and neat. Treatment: Early surgery should be performed. The purpose of surgical treatment: ① Completely remove the diseased tissue. For the mastoid process and the upper, middle, lower, posterior tympanic cavity, pharyngeal tube cholesteatoma, granulation and lesions in the bone, should be completely and thoroughly removed; ② reconstruction of sound transmission structure. On the basis of thorough removal of diseased tissues, healthy tissues related to the sound transmission structure should be preserved as much as possible, such as the auditory ossicles, residual tympanic membrane, mucous membrane of the Eustachian tube, mucous membrane of the tympanic chamber, and even the intact external auditory meatus and tympanic sulcus, etc., and reconstructing the sound transmission structure at the same time or the next period on this basis; ③ Getting a dry ear; and ④ Preventing complications.