Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), also known as primary thrombocytopenic purpura, is a bleeding disorder with acquired thrombocytopenia, mostly caused by dysregulation of immune mechanisms. The diagnosis of the disease should exclude other triggers or diseases that cause thrombocytopenia, and the diagnosis should be clear based on family history, skin and mucous membrane bleeding symptoms and laboratory tests. Clinical symptoms are bleeding manifestations of various systems, such as skin petechiae, hematuria, black stools, and intracranial hemorrhage in severe cases. According to the time of occurrence and treatment of the disease can be divided into: new-onset ITP, persistent ITP, chronic ITP, severe ITP, and refractory ITP. Treatment varies according to the bleeding tendency: 1. Treatment of primary patients should be with glucocorticoids, such as prednisone, prednisolone, hydrocortisone, and short-course dexamethasone therapy, etc. If hormones have no effect consider other treatments. Alemtuzumab can be used as a selective treatment for severe refractory ITP, but the drug has a serious immunosuppressive effect, so long-term antiviral and antifungal therapy is needed; the disease has an insidious onset , the course of the disease is slow and not easy to detect, patients with bleeding tendency should be promptly consulted to screen for the disease.