OVERVIEW
Overview
Tarsiasis, also known as babesiosis, is a protozoan disease caused by the parasite Babesia tarsalis in the red blood cells and reticuloendothelial cells of animals, and is prevalent mainly among domestic and wild animals, and humans may occasionally be infected. Ticks are its main vector. Symptoms of Babesiosis in humans are similar to those of avian influenza or the common cold.
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Department
Infectious Diseases
Synonyms: Babesiosis, Babesia tarda.
Babesiosis, babesiosis.
Clinical symptoms
The main manifestations are chills, fever, dysphoria, anorexia, jaundice, hemolytic anemia and hemoglobinuria, and joint pain.
Hazards
Splenectomized persons infected with Babesiosis have severe symptoms, which can cause shock, coma, and up to death.
Complications
Diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC), etc.
Examination
Laboratory blood and urine routine, serologic tests, including complement binding test, indirect immunofluorescence test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on the clinical manifestations of periodic fever, jaundice, anemia, and recurrent illnesses in areas where the disease is endemic, combined with the results of serological tests.
Treatment principle
Administer sensitive antibiotics against the pathogen.
Curability
Most patients can be cured with active treatment.
Dietary advice
Give a light, nutritious and easily digestible diet.
Important Reminder
Splenectomized patients should be careful to avoid working and traveling to endemic areas.
Etiology
Epidemiology
The disease is prevalent mainly among domestic and wild animals. People may occasionally be infected and splenectomized individuals are susceptible to infection.
Etiology
The causative agents of human pyoderma are four species of babesiosis originating from domestic and wild animals, bovine babesiosis, equine babesiosis, divergent babesiosis, and vole babesiosis.
Route of transmission
Infection by the bite of a tick carrying the pathogen.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical Symptoms
Splenectomized patients are infected with severe symptoms, which mainly include chills, fever, dysphoria, anorexia, jaundice, hemolytic anemia and hemoglobinuria, and joint pain. Severe cases can lead to shock and coma until death. Splenectomized persons infected with Babesia show only mild symptoms or do not present clinical symptoms.
Diagnostic basis
Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, epidemiologic data, and serologic test results.
Treatment
Treatment
Administer pharmacologic antipathogen therapy along with symptomatic supportive therapy.
Drug treatment
Clindamycin hydrochloride and quinine have good efficacy, and the combination of drugs is more effective.
Other treatments
In severe cases, blood exchange therapy may be used, which removes a large number of infected red blood cells to prevent massive hemolysis.
Prognosis
The prognosis is good in mild cases and severe in severe cases.
Nursing care
Daily care
Travelers and field workers should take personal precautions against tick bites.
Diet
Normal diet, should be light and easy to digest, maintain reasonable, balanced, comprehensive and sufficient nutrition.