Portal collateral circulation dietary considerations: 1, avoid eating certain fish Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common complication and cause of death in patients with cirrhosis, and eating fish is often one of the causes of bleeding. Tuna, sardines, swordfish, mackerel these fish contain a kind of unsaturated organic acid called eicosapentaenoic acid, the content of up to 1 ~ 1.5%. It is most abundant in fish oil. The human body cannot synthesize eicosapentaenoic acid from other free fatty acids, and it is obtained entirely from food. One of the metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid is prostacyclin, which can inhibit platelet aggregation, and patients with cirrhosis already have impaired coagulation factor production and low platelet count, and once they eat fish containing eicosapentaenoic acid, the coagulation effect of platelets is even lower, which can easily cause bleeding, and it is difficult to stop it. Therefore, patients with cirrhosis who have a tendency to bleed are advised to prohibit the consumption of these four types of fish. Other fish contain much less eicosapentaenoic acid, such as carp, halibut, real snapper money. If a patient with cirrhosis wants to increase protein in the body to eliminate ascites, there is no harm in eating carp soup. 2, avoid eating too much protein Cirrhosis patients eat more protein, not only can improve the plasma protein content, to prevent or reduce the fat infiltration of the liver, but also can promote liver tissue recovery and regeneration. However, if the total amount of protein eaten at three meals a day exceeds the daily limit of 2 to 3.5 grams per kilogram of body weight, there will be side effects. Excess protein produces too much ammonia in the body, which the liver cannot convert into non-toxic substances for excretion, with the end result of liver coma. If a patient has already experienced hepatic coma or has precursors of hepatic coma, the protein intake should be more strictly limited and should not exceed 0.5 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. As you can see, for patients with cirrhosis, it is of great importance to adjust the protein intake according to the condition. 3, avoid alcohol and tobacco long-term alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic gastritis and even alcoholic cirrhosis. Drinking alcohol can also cause epigastric discomfort, loss of appetite and protein and vitamin B deficiency. In addition, alcohol has a direct toxic effect on liver cells. Nicotine has a vasoconstrictive effect, resulting in reduced blood supply to the liver, affecting the nutrition of the liver, which is not conducive to liver disease stability. Therefore, cirrhosis patients avoid smoking and alcohol. 4, avoid eating too much sugar People know that hepatitis patients should be appropriate to give up some sugar. But cirrhotic patients are different, due to cirrhosis when the liver cells are severely damaged, the liver will be monosaccharide synthesis glycogen storage and part of the monosaccharide into fat function has been significantly reduced. At this time, if the patient then eat a lot of sugar for a long time, it will form diabetes, adding difficulties to the treatment of cirrhosis. 5, avoid eating spicy food cirrhosis, portal hypertension will cause the lower end of the esophagus, gastric fundus and anal vein expansion, and cirrhosis is often complicated by gastric mucosal erosion and ulcer disease. Patients who eat chili peppers and other spicy foods will prompt the gastric mucosa congestion, peristaltic enhancement, thereby inducing upper gastrointestinal bleeding, causing anal burning pain and increased number of stools, aggravating hemorrhoids, causing anal fissures.