In rheumatology clinics, it is common to see a young mother with her baby, and people around her are surprised: “Do children also have rheumatism?” Yes, children can also suffer from rheumatic diseases, and they are more common, with more than a hundred types of diseases. Let’s first clarify what rheumatic diseases (rheumatism for short) are. It refers to a group of diseases of the musculoskeletal system that are mainly treated internally, including diffuse connective tissue diseases and chronic pain in joints and soft tissues around joints caused by various etiologies. In the past, people often said that “rheumatism” refers to the paralysis caused by wind, cold and dampness in Chinese medicine, mostly in the elderly. The concept of rheumatism in modern medicine does not refer to one disease, but a large group of diseases, including hundreds of species, so it should not be understood as rheumatic fever or rheumatoid arthritis, nor should it be confused with the concept of rheumatism in Chinese medicine. The most common rheumatic disease in children is juvenile idiopathic arthritis, accounting for 65%-85%; followed by systemic lupus erythematosus 10%, dermatomyositis 5%, scleroderma 3%, vasculitis 1%, etc. A brief description of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is given. Any unexplained joint swelling lasting more than 6 weeks in childhood (less than 16 years old) is called juvenile idiopathic arthritis, which may be accompanied by joint pain, fever, rash, generalized lymph nodes and hepatosplenomegaly. The cause of the disease is unknown and may be related to a variety of factors, including genetics, infection, and immune imbalance. The age of onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is usually below 4 years (40.3%), with a peak in girls at 1 to 2 years of age and in boys at 3 and 9 years of age. The disease can be delayed for several years, alternating between acute attacks and remissions. If left untreated, it can cause joint deformity, motor impairment, stunted growth and malnutrition. Therefore, once children have joint pain, swelling and other symptoms, parents should promptly take their children to a regular hospital for diagnosis and treatment, do not take it lightly, or anxiously disordered head doctor, and fall for charlatan doctors.