Low back pain is common in China, and there are few adults who have not suffered from low back pain. Some people come to the hospital with severe low back pain or with radiating pain in the lower extremities, and after a series of examinations it is found that the lumbar disc herniation is huge and requires surgery, and then they face the problem of choosing the surgery method: open surgery? Discoscopic surgery? Intervertebral foraminoscopy? What is the difference between them? To figure out the difference between them, it is necessary to know how the respective surgery is done. Discoscopy is a minimally invasive way to perform a posterior intervertebral disc opening, which removes the nucleus pulposus from the herniated disc through a working channel and with the help of a camera, without the need for saline infusion. Foraminotomy is the removal of the nucleus pulposus from the diseased disc through the foramen under the supervision of a camera using a working channel, and usually requires surgical treatment under saline irrigation and pressure. Intervertebral foraminoscopy is less invasive than discoscopy and usually has no significant bleeding, making it more minimally invasive.