1. Definition: The International Childhood Urinary Control Association defines nocturnal enuresis as children >5 years of age without central nervous system pathology who have involuntary urinary leakage during sleep at least twice a week for ≥3 months, but some pediatric guidelines consider the defined age to be 3 years. 2. Etiology: The cause of nocturnal enuresis is unclear, and it is currently thought that it may be related to sleep-wake dysfunction, nocturnal polyuria, bladder function abnormalities, and family genetics. 3. Diagnosis: Detailed medical history is recommended, and the recommended tests are ① genitourinary system examination; ② urinary routine? Urological ultrasound and residual urine volume measurement. 4.Treatment: Children before the age of 6 can generally be treated without medication or other special treatment. First of all, parents are recommended to educate and guide their children to help them develop good urination habits. You can also choose to place an enuresis alarm on the bed or in the child’s underwear to warn the child when enuresis occurs, and desmopressin acetate, an antidiuretic hormone analogue, is the first line of treatment for enuresis, and other treatment options include anticholinergic drugs, tricyclic antidepressants and biofeedback therapy. 5.Follow-up: There is no unified standard for the follow-up time after treatment for children with enuresis. According to clinical experience, outpatient follow-up can be conducted every 3-6 months.