Elevated urinary ketone bodies should first clarify the cause of the disease, and then target the cause of treatment. Elevated urinary ketone bodies may be due to diabetic ketoacidosis, prolonged starvation, severe vomiting and other conditions, if diabetic ketoacidosis, it is recommended to seek medical attention in a timely manner, under the guidance of the doctor through rehydration, the use of insulin and other means of treatment. Ketone bodies are intermediate metabolites in the process of fat oxidative metabolism, including acetoacetic acid, β-hydroxybutyric acid and acetone. Urine ketone body test is mainly used for the judgment and evaluation of impaired glucose metabolism and incomplete fat oxidation. In diabetic ketoacidosis, ketosis is caused by a decrease in sugar utilization and an increase in the production of ketone bodies from the breakdown of fat. When diabetic acidosis or coma occurs, urine ketone body test is extremely valuable. It is recommended that patients with diabetic ketoacidosis seek prompt medical attention and rehydrate as soon as possible to restore blood volume, correct water loss, lower blood glucose, and correct electrolyte and acid-base balance imbalances. Infectious diseases (pneumonia, sepsis, tuberculosis, etc.), severe vomiting, strenuous exercise, diarrhea, prolonged starvation, fasting, after general anesthesia, etc. can be ketonuria, and it is recommended to follow the doctor’s instructions for the cause of the treatment. Patients with elevated urinary ketone bodies are advised to seek prompt medical attention.