1. Pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation is a common and frequent disease in clinic. The disease is more common in young adults, more men than women, and more common in manual laborers, as reported by Wang Quanping in China, the age of onset of lumbar disc herniation is mostly from 14 to 72 years old, of which 21 to 45 years old accounted for 66.3%. This disease belongs to Chinese medicine “paralysis” category, is one of the common causes of back pain. Modern medicine believes that lumbar disc herniation is caused by the mechanical compression caused by the herniated material and the inflammatory reaction and adhesion caused by the nerve root compression, blood circulation obstruction, and chemical stimulation and other factors. On the other hand, Chinese medicine theory believes that the disease is closely related to factors such as trauma and blood stasis, feeling wind and cold, and deficiency of liver and kidney. 2.Classification According to foreign reports, this disease is most common in lumbar 5 sacral 1 intervertebral disc herniation, while in China, it is more common in lumbar 4 and 5. There are different classification methods according to different criteria, but the commonly used classification method is based on the protruding position, which can be roughly divided into the following three types: (1) Central type The herniated nucleus pulposus is located in the center of the posterior region, and when it is large, it compresses the nerve roots and cauda equina on both sides, causing dysfunction of the lower limbs and urinary and defecatory functions. If the protrusion is more limited, only the cauda equina is compressed, causing urinary and fecal dysfunction and sensory impairment in the saddle area. (2) Paracentral type: The herniated nucleus pulposus is located in the center of the back of the disc, which is to the side, compressing the nerve root and cauda equina on one side. (3) Paracentral herniation of the nucleus pulposus is located in the posterior lateral part of the intervertebral disc, compressing the nerve root on that side only and causing radicular radiating pain. Most of them are unilateral protrusion, and there are also a few bilateral protrusion. (4) Extremely lateral type A few (about 3%) nucleus pulposus protrusion is located in the intervertebral foramen (intervertebral foramen type) or outside the intervertebral foramen (intervertebral foramen type), which compresses the nerve roots in the intervertebral foramen or spinal nerves that have already protruded out of the foramen to cause evidence of the leg on one side. However, the affected nerve roots or spinal nerves are at a higher stage than those compressed by the above types of herniation. 3.1 Non-surgical treatment 3.1 Most of the herniated lumbar intervertebral discs can be improved by non-surgical treatment. Non-surgical treatment mainly includes bed rest, manual traction, massage, medication, sacral therapy and acupuncture. (1) Most scholars believe that bed rest and auxiliary lumbar back muscle exercise is a good way to treat the acute stage of lumbar disc herniation, especially auxiliary lumbar back muscle exercise, for the treatment of this disease and prognosis has a very significant significance, this method of lumbar disc herniation in the acute stage to reduce the edema of the nerve root, eliminate inflammation, release the compression has great significance. (2) Manipulation therapy mainly includes oblique wrenching, pulling and wrenching, seated rotary manipulation, whose therapeutic principle is the use of biomechanical theory, with the help of manipulation to make the adhesion of the nerve root to be loosened, so as to achieve the purpose of decompression of the nerve root, and for the current academic “nucleus pulposus return to the point of view of the domestic Bisheng and other research has confirmed that The “nucleus pulposus reduction theory” has no conclusive clinical evidence, and they believe that it may be due to the action of manipulation on the diseased vertebral body, so that the nerve root produces a “displacement”, so as to get the purpose of decompression. However, their research has not completely disproved the conclusive evidence that the nucleus pulposus is self-retracting. It is worth noting that manipulation therapy has its own strict indications, clinical should be strictly controlled, otherwise it may cause serious consequences. (3) Drug therapy can choose muscle relaxation, analgesic, sedative drugs, can also be used to soothe the tendons and activate the blood of Chinese medicine soup. (4) Sacral injection therapy is to inject or drip drugs into the sacral canal through sacral puncture, the drugs mainly include 1% lidocaine 10 ml (0.5% lidocaine 20 ml or 2% lidocaine 5 ml), dexamethasone 10mg (trazodone 10mg, cholestyramine-A25mg or long-acting corticosteroid coninectin 40-80mg). Sometimes can also add vitamin B1100mg, vitamin B121mg, scopolamine 10mg. treatment can be effective 1 ~ 2 weeks and then injected again, usually no more than 3 times. (5) In recent years, some scholars reported that the use of traction plus acupuncture treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation evidence to obtain satisfactory results. They use microcomputer lumbar automatic traction bed traction, the weight of the patient’s body weight 1/2 ~ 1 times, in order to the degree that the patient can tolerate, traction twice a day, each time 30 ~ 45 minutes, 7 days for a course of treatment, the interval between the course of treatment 3 days. At the same time of traction, acupuncture Renzhong, Yanglingquan, bilateral back of the hand lumbago points, etc., after lifting the traction, acupuncture large intestine Yu, Guanyuan Yu, Chibian, Huanjiu, Huizhong, Ashi points. Apply the method of flat tonic and flat diarrhea, leave the needle for 30 minutes, twice a day, 7 days as a course of treatment, the interval between courses is 3 days. 3.2 Surgical treatment With the rapid development of medical technology, the surgical treatments for lumbar intervertebral discs are becoming more and more diversified and are gradually developing in the direction of minimally invasive. Traditional surgical methods include: posterior lumbar disc removal (1934), micro lumbar disc removal (1975), chemical discectomy (1964-1968), percutaneous nucleus pulposus resection (1975), percutaneous laser disc decompression (1987), percutaneous posterior discectomy (1989), posterior microendoscopy (1997), laparotomy (1997), and posterior endoscopic surgery. Domestic), laparoscopic anterior nucleus pulposus removal (1991), radiofrequency ablation nucleoplasty (2000), artificial nucleus pulposus replacement (2000), artificial lumbar intervertebral disc replacement (1984), and experimental allogeneic disc transplantation (1991), etc. In recent years, percutaneous ozone therapy has also been used. In recent years, percutaneous ozone therapy has also been increasingly used in clinical practice, but its efficacy needs to be further observed. 4. Conclusion In conclusion, the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation tends to be diversified, minimally invasive and popularized with the development of medicine. Although most patients can obtain satisfactory results after careful surgical treatment, there is still no exact therapy to completely solve the problem of postoperative complications of this evidence, and patients with recurrence after surgical treatment are still common, which brings great losses to patients’ physical and mental health as well as economy. In addition, regardless of the type of surgery, the choice of surgical methods should follow their respective indications, not blindly selected, and actively prevent and treat complications. In recent years, percutaneous minimally invasive techniques have been carried out in full swing, but due to their limitations, small operative fields, difficulty in hemostasis, and nerve injuries have followed. Therefore, for the majority of medical workers, it is urgent to treat these minimally invasive surgeries correctly. It is believed that with the continuous progress of modern science and technology and the rapid development of biomechanics and tissue engineering, the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation will also be greatly improved.