Confined emphysema is a type of emphysema with etiology related to smoking, environment, imbalance of elastase and its inhibitors, and inflammation of small airways. Confined emphysema manifests as emphysema-like changes occurring in one lung segment or a single lobe or several lobes or segments and is a type of emphysema. The onset of restrictive emphysema can also be triggered by long-term smoking, inhalation of harmful dust particles, or constant exposure to air pollution. In some patients, the formation of restrictive emphysema is due to an imbalance of trypsin and antitrypsin in the body, with hereditary α1-antitrypsin deficiency being the main cause of emphysema. For patients with chronic and recurrent small airway inflammation, due to localized mucosal edema and secretion retention, a flap in the airway may form, resulting in air only entering the corresponding alveoli and not being able to be discharged, and at the same time causing an increase in distal alveolar pressure, and ultimately, restrictive emphysema. Patients with restrictive emphysema should cooperate with their doctors to avoid delays.