Hypertensive nephropathy, also known as hypertensive nephrosclerosis. The disease can be divided into two types: benign small arterial nephrosclerosis and malignant small arterial nephrosclerosis. Controlling blood pressure up to the standard is an effective treatment for hypertensive nephropathy. 1, long-term uncontrolled benign hypertension can cause benign small arterial nephrosclerosis. The duration of hypertension lasts for 5~10 years and can induce this disease. The disease focuses on prevention, active control of hypertension, blood pressure needs to be reduced to below 140/90mmHg. After the onset of benign small arterial nephrosclerosis, controlling hypertension remains the key to slowing the progression of renal damage. If the renal function has been reduced, it will be treated as chronic renal failure. 2.Malignant small arterial renal sclerosis is renal damage caused by malignant hypertension. The kidney is both the affected organ of hypertension and the overproduction of renin by the kidney is also the cause of promoting further increase of blood pressure. Malignant hypertension is a medical emergency, and treatment often requires intravenous antihypertensive drugs initially, followed by oral antihypertensive drugs to consolidate the effect. Blood pressure should not fall too fast or too low, so as not to affect renal perfusion and aggravate renal ischemia. If malignant small arterial nephrosclerosis has occurred and renal failure has appeared, dialysis treatment should be carried out in a timely manner. 3, for patients who have developed renal impairment, avoid long-term or large amounts of sodium nitroprusside, blood creatinine > 265 μmol/L or creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min, avoid the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists. The development of hypertensive nephropathy can be avoided by visiting a cardiologist during the initial period of hypertension and actively controlling blood pressure to reach the standard. If hypertensive nephropathy has developed, please see a specialist nephrologist.