There are six classes of oral medications and two classes of injectable medications used in clinical practice for diabetes. All the drugs used for diabetes are prescription drugs, which need to be prescribed after a physician has seen them and then purchased, and need to be used under the guidance of a physician or pharmacist. The main mechanism of action is to inhibit hepatic glucose output, increase the utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues, and reduce intestinal absorption of glucose and suppress appetite, which is suitable for patients with type 2 diabetes with obesity. The second category is insulin secretagogues (sulfonylureas and glinides), which are mainly used for patients with type 2 diabetes whose pancreatic islet function is still partially functional, with glipizide and repaglinide as representative drugs. The third category is insulin sensitizers, which can increase the body’s sensitivity to insulin to lower blood sugar and reduce the dose of other hypoglycemic drugs. The fourth category, there are glucosidase inhibitors, inhibit the intestinal absorption of carbohydrates too quickly, mainly to lower postprandial blood sugar. The fifth category, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, has glucose-dependent hypoglycemic effect. The sixth category, sodium-glucose co-transport protein 2 inhibitors, inhibit renal reabsorption of glucose, glucose-reducing diuretic effect. The seventh category, insulin and insulin analogue injections, are available in various injectable forms, and are used under the direction of endocrinologists for very poor or failing islet function (type 1 diabetes), rescue of serious acute and chronic complications of diabetes, and surgical stress. The eighth category, injectable form of glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist, has hypoglycemic, appetite suppression and weight loss effects, and has daily and weekly preparations. Clinically, different mechanism drugs are often used in combination with complementary advantages to achieve normal blood glucose control, and some relatively new drugs have cardio-cerebral and renal protective effects outside of glucose-lowering, which should be considered preferred when there is no contraindication to the risk of cardio-cerebral and renal diseases. In patients with poor drug effect, drug adjustment can be selected in the above range. All the above treatments need to be carried out on the basis of emphasis on diet control, reasonable exercise and monitoring of blood glucose.