Cervical inflammation is the most common disease in gynecology, and cervical hypertrophy is one of the chronic inflammatory diseases of the cervix. Under normal circumstances, the cervix has a variety of defensive functions, but the cervix is vulnerable to damage from childbirth, miscarriage or surgery, the monolayer columnar epithelium of the cervical canal is less able to resist infection, and because of the many mucosal folds of the cervical canal, it is difficult to completely remove pathogens once infection occurs, resulting in chronic cervical inflammation. The main pathogens of chronic inflammation are Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli and anaerobic bacteria, and currently there is an increasing number of chronic cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. In addition, herpes simplex virus may also be associated with chronic cervicitis. Chronic cervicitis mostly results from acute cervicitis. As a result of chronic inflammation of the cervix, the cervical tissue becomes congested and edematous, the glands and interstitium proliferate, and there may be mucus retention in the deeper part of the glands to form cysts, resulting in varying degrees of hypertrophy of the cervix, but the surface is mostly smooth and sometimes a protrusion of retained cysts can be seen. Finally, due to the proliferation of fibrous connective tissue, the cervical stiffness increases. Cervical hypertrophy is caused by the long-term stimulation of chronic inflammation of the cervix leading to cervical tissue hyperplasia. Women should actively treat acute cervicitis and perform regular gynecological examinations.