1. Spermatozoa are produced in the varicocele of the testis. Each varicocele has a diameter of 150-250 μm and a length of about 30 μm. The wall of the duct is composed of germinal epithelium, where sperm are produced and shed into the lumen of the duct after they are formed. The sperm follow the testicular reticulum fluid and slowly enter the epididymal duct via the output tubule. Sperm mature and acquire energy in the proximal segment of the epididymis and are stored in small amounts in the distal segment. The sperm sac is the main place to store sperm. 2. Sperm development process: spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, sperm cells, spermatozoa. The primary spermatocyte is diploid, the first meiosis into two haploid secondary spermatocytes, and soon the secondary spermatocyte second meiosis into two haploid spermatocytes. The spermatocytes undergo metamorphosis and differentiation to become spermatozoa. The development time from spermatogonia to sperm is about 60 days. 3.Mature spermatozoa are mainly composed of three parts: head, neck and tail. The tail can be divided into the middle section, main section and end section from front to back. The total length of the sperm is about 60μm, the head is 4~5μm long and 2.5~3.5μm wide. 4.In the ejaculated semen, prostatic fluid accounts for about 30% of the semen volume. Prostate fluid citrate may be involved in the process of coagulation and liquefaction of semen. 70% of the semen comes from the seminal vesicles. The fructose in seminal vesicle fluid is the energy source for sperm movement. 5, normal semen parameters: semen volume: ≥ 2ml; density: ≥ 20 × 106/ml; motility: a grade ≥ 25%, a + b ≥ 50%; morphology: normal ≥ 15%.