Normal human has 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes, the sex chromosome is XX in females and XY in males. sex chromosome abnormalities, including abnormal number and abnormal structure, such as sex chromosome duplication, deletion, insertion, etc. Sex chromosome abnormalities can be caused by several reasons. Long-term exposure to radiation, such as computer radiation, medical radiation, or being in an environment with excessive chemical substances, the lymphocytes of the body can be affected and ectopic, causing chromosome abnormalities. Viral infections can cause chromosome breakage and smashing as well as interchange. Chromosomal abnormalities can also be familial and are associated with heredity. Sex chromosomal abnormalities can generally manifest as features that do not correspond to gender, such as short metacarpals, increased skin pigmentation nevi, and infantile uterus, external genitalia, and breasts in some females. Males may have features such as high stature, small testicles, hypoplastic secondary sex characteristics, and infertility. The diagnosis can be made through detailed medical history and physical examination combined with chromosomal examination, and treatment is usually based on the patient’s gender, such as removal of cryptorchidism and artificial vaginal cavity. During pregnancy, a non-invasive DNA test can be performed to check for chromosomal abnormalities, and if a fetus is found to have abnormal sex chromosomes, termination of pregnancy may need to be induced.