Tuberculosis generally refers to tuberculosis, and the diagnosis of tuberculosis can be confirmed if Mycobacterium tuberculosis is found in secretions. For tuberculosis that exists in joints or bones, the diagnosis is usually confirmed by a combination of clinical symptoms, imaging tests, tuberculosis culture, blood tests, and other methods. Tuberculosis is mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can invade many parts of the body, including lung tissue, bronchus, trachea, pleura, bones, joints, and the genitourinary system, and the methods of confirming the diagnosis of the disease in different parts of the body may vary. Generally speaking, if Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be found in secretions and excretions through smears or cultures, the diagnosis of tuberculosis can be confirmed. If bone or joints are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, since it is difficult to collect samples containing the bacillus, it is usually necessary to understand the patient’s medical history and clinical characteristics, as well as with X-rays, CT, and other imaging tests to determine the presence of bone destruction, dead bone, paravertebral shadows, etc., and, if necessary, hematocrits, blood counts, and culture of tuberculosis bacilli are also needed to make a definitive diagnosis. Inadequate treatment of tuberculosis may lead to chronic pulmonary heart disease, joint deformity, pneumothorax, pyothorax and other complications, so if the diagnosis is confirmed, it is necessary to follow the doctor’s advice and timely treatment.