Gonorrhea is a very common type of sexually transmitted disease and one of the ancient diseases of mankind. In China, this disease was described in the Huangdi Nei Jing in the second and third centuries AD and in the treatise on the origin of diseases in the seventh century AD. After the Song dynasty in the tenth century AD, there are more records about gonorrhea, and the term gonorrhea, E. hori, is often referred to as gonorrhea, E. hori, not thistle, but the term gonorrhea was first used by Galen in 130 AD. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria gonorrhoeae prefers a warm and moist environment, and the mucous membranes of any organ that the sexual organs come into contact with during sex may develop as a result of bacterial invasion. In men, it can cause urethritis, pharyngitis, and proctitis; in women, it can cause vaginitis, cervicitis, urethritis, pharyngitis, and proctitis. In addition, gonorrhea can also be transmitted to the eyes through hand contact or to the newborn through the birth canal during childbirth. Also, Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be transmitted to others if the patient’s clothing is not washed, dried or disinfected. Purulent discharge from the external urethra During a hospital visit, the doctor will insert a swab into the urethra of a male patient or the cervix of a female patient for wiping, and after obtaining a purulent sample, apply it to a glass slide, stain it for Gram stain, and then observe it under a microscope. The presence of gonorrhea can be confirmed by observing the leukocytes on the glass slide of the gonorrhea patient, which reveals the presence of typical Neisseria gonorrhoeae within the leukocytes. Of course, it is also possible to grow urethral secretions or cervical secretions in a specific culture medium and perform Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests under certain conditions. Obtaining secretions Once gonorrhea is diagnosed, treatment should be administered immediately. Earlier gonorrhea was treated with intraurethral drug instillation followed by sulfonamides and penicillin injections. Due to the widespread resistance of gonococci to penicillin, oral or injectable cephalosporins and quinolones were mostly used to treat gonorrhea after the 1990s. In recent years, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which causes gonorrhea in Asia, has gradually become resistant to quinolones, and cephalosporins (especially third-generation cephalosporins) have become the main drugs for the treatment of gonorrhea. Since the chance of non-gonococcal urethritis occurring at the same time as gonococcal urethritis can be as high as 10-30%, some scholars advocate treating non-gonococcal urethritis at the same time as gonococcal urethritis. The preferred drug is Rocephin (Ceftriaxone sodium). If the symptoms of gonococcal urethritis disappear completely after treatment, further follow-up may not be necessary, but if the symptoms do not disappear completely after treatment, another antibiotic must be selected for treatment based on the results of bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests. In addition, because of the high rate of transmission of gonococcal urethritis, patients should avoid sexual intercourse during the onset of the disease, and their sexual partners should also be examined and treated at the same time. The number of sexual partners and the number of sexual contacts with strangers should be limited as much as possible. Once you have sexual contact with a stranger, men should use condoms. Those who have multiple sexual partners or frequent sexual contact with strangers and no protective measures should go to the hospital regularly to check if they are infected with sexually transmitted diseases. 2. Because gonorrheal urethritis is highly contagious, the patient’s sexual partner H should be examined and treated regardless of whether or not symptoms appear. The actual fact that 10-30% of gonococcal urethritis patients will be combined with non-gonococcal urethritis, some scholars suggest simply treating gonococcal urethritis along with other appropriate antibiotics to treat possible non-gonococcal urethritis. 4. Patients with gonococcal urethritis should preferably also be screened for HIV and syphilis to make sure that no co-infection with other sexually transmitted diseases has occurred.