Not all babies need hepatitis B immunoglobulin at birth. In the 2019 Hepatitis B Prevention and Control Guidelines, it is stated that only newborns born to mothers with positive surface antigen, or newborns born to mothers who are too late to test for hepatitis B surface antigen, need to be immunized with hepatitis B immunoglobulin. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin can neutralize the hepatitis B virus as soon as it enters the newborn’s body to prevent and control hepatitis B virus infection. If the mother is negative for hepatitis B antibody or surface antigen, she does not need to receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin, but only the hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin is a neutralizing antibody that can neutralize the hepatitis B virus when it enters the newborn’s body, so it is a good immunization agent to prevent vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus infection.