Transmission routes of hepatitis B HBV is mainly transmitted through blood and blood products, mother-to-child transmission, and sexual contact. Perinatal transmission is the main mode of mother-to-child transmission, mostly through contact with the blood of HBV-positive mothers during delivery. Blood transmission mostly occurred in the 1980s due to poor sanitation in China, the lack of disposable syringes and blood donations without hbsag checks. About one-third of the 120 million hepatitis B carriers in China were transmitted in the 1980s due to blood transfusions. HBV is not transmitted by daily work or life contact, such as working in the same office (including sharing office supplies such as computers), shaking hands, hugging, living in the same dormitory, eating in the same restaurant and sharing toilets without blood exposure, so HBV is not a scary thing. The Food Safety Implementation Regulations were officially implemented by the State Council on July 24, 2009 through the signature of Premier Wen, which stipulates that only hepatitis A and E are not allowed to engage in food production, while hepatitis B can. Who needs hepatitis B vaccination? There are two priority groups for hepatitis B vaccination, one for newborns and one for adults. Nowadays, newborns are immunized under the immunization program, and the hepatitis B vaccine is given to newborns at birth to ensure that they will not have hepatitis B in the future. Adults need to undergo laboratory tests before receiving the vaccine, and the results of these tests should show that the hepatitis B virus is negative for surface antigen, surface antibody and core antibody, and that the transaminases are normal before receiving the hepatitis B vaccine. However, generally speaking, for insurance purposes, anyone who has not been infected with the hepatitis B virus and has insufficient antibodies to hepatitis B should receive the hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis B patients and hepatitis B carriers are not required to receive the vaccine because they are already infected with the hepatitis B virus. What is the correct way to receive the hepatitis B vaccine? The hepatitis B vaccine is given in 3 doses, according to the 0, 1 and 6 months procedure, i.e. after the first dose of vaccine, the second and third doses of vaccine are given at intervals of 1 and 6 months. For newborns of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers, hepatitis B immunoglobulin should be administered as early as possible within 24 hours after birth, and 10 μg of hepatitis B vaccine should be administered at different sites to significantly improve the effect of interrupting mother-to-child transmission, and the second and third doses of hepatitis B vaccine should be administered at intervals of 1 and 6 months, respectively. Children who have not received hepatitis B vaccine as newborns should receive a catch-up vaccination; for adults, 20 μg of hepatitis B vaccine is recommended. What should I pay attention to after receiving hepatitis B vaccine? 1. You cannot take hepatitis lightly just because you have been vaccinated against hepatitis B. Only people with a titer of hepatitis B surface antibody of 10 mIU/ml or more after vaccination can play an effective preventive role. 2. The antibodies produced after hepatitis B vaccination can only prevent hepatitis B virus infection, and have no preventive effect on viral hepatitis such as hepatitis A, C, D and E. At the same time, not all hepatitis B virus infections can be completely prevented after the whole vaccination, and care should be taken to avoid contact with the excreta, blood and secretions of hepatitis B patients (not carriers) in life. 3. The protective antibodies produced after vaccination are not permanent and should be reinforced under the guidance of a doctor. The level of antibodies after hepatitis B vaccination may be high or low, and the duration may be long or short for each vaccinated person.