Heart surgery can be broadly categorized into interventional surgery and open surgery. Interventional surgery is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that involves the placement of catheters and guidewires through peripheral blood vessels to deliver surgical instruments to the part of the heart in need of surgery. For example, percutaneous balloon coronary angioplasty, percutaneous coronary stenting, radiofrequency ablation, and percutaneous valvular balloon angioplasty are all considered interventional surgeries. Interventional surgery does not need to open the thorax, less trauma, faster recovery and fewer complications. With the continuous development of interventional technology, more and more heart diseases can be treated by interventional methods. Most of the open surgeries need to open the chest and operate under direct vision, and some diseases also need to establish extracorporeal circulation. These include coronary artery bypass grafting, mitral valve repair or replacement under direct vision, pericardiectomy, congenital heart disease correction, and heart transplantation. Some patients may also undergo minimally invasive small-incision surgery, such as closed mitral valve separation. Surgery for heart disease requires comprehensive consideration of the patient’s condition, physical condition, available medical equipment, financial situation and other factors. It is recommended that patients go to the hospital as soon as possible and decide on the specific surgical procedure after full communication with the treating doctor.