Lupus anticoagulant substances and miscarriage

  The causes of recurrent miscarriage are complex and include genetic factors, anatomical abnormalities of the uterus, infectious factors, endocrine abnormalities, immune disorders, and pre-thrombotic states. In addition, there are still a few recurrent miscarriages of unknown etiology. Lupus anticoagulant is an autoantibody against negatively charged. Lupus anticoagulant is an autoantibody against negatively charged phospholipids, and is a type of antiphospholipid antibody. Lupus anticoagulant is commonly found in autoimmune diseases and is now considered to be an important risk factor in patients with unexplained thrombosis, as well as in women with habitual miscarriages.  Lupus anticoagulant was originally identified from the blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as a heterogeneous immunoglobulin that can be produced naturally in the body or as a result of autoimmunity and can prolong phospholipid-dependent clotting intervals. The presence of lupus anticoagulant substances is not limited to SLE patients, but can also occur in endometriosis and idiopathic thrombocytopenia.  Recurrent miscarriages are usually caused by impaired blood circulation due to microthrombosis of the placental vessels, which affects the fetal blood oxygen supply and leaves the fetus in a state of ischemia and hypoxia, resulting in fetal miscarriage. The mechanism of action may be due to the fact that the main components of lupus anticoagulant substances are IgG, IgM or their mixtures, and the placenta of pregnant women can produce abundant immunoglobulins of various kinds, which may contain lupus anticoagulant substances when the placenta is stimulated by internal and external factors during development. When lupus anticoagulant substances enter the blood system, they can cause changes in the coagulation, anticoagulation system, blood vessels and platelets of pregnant women.  For patients with recurrent miscarriage who are positive for lupus anticoagulant, early clinical interventions can be implemented, firstly, to suppress abnormal immune responses, such as prednisone, and secondly, to prevent thrombosis, such as heparin and/or aspirin. Early anticoagulation therapy can significantly improve the pregnancy outcome in patients with positive lupus anticoagulant. Therefore, testing for lupus anticoagulant in pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage will facilitate timely clinical diagnosis and early treatment, and have positive clinical significance in preventing hypertensive syndrome in pregnancy, fetal growth restriction and intrauterine distress.  Lupus anticoagulant can be examined by drawing venous blood early in the morning on an empty stomach, and a positive result will be obtained at 44 s.