The symptoms of acid reflux and heartburn are common to many people, and most people think that they are caused by improper diet and do not care much. However, when these symptoms occur frequently, or are accompanied by other symptoms, it may be a pathological phenomenon, clinically known as “gastroesophageal reflux disease”. Gastroesophageal reflux can be caused by many factors, such as: dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter; delayed gastric emptying; decreased peristaltic function of the esophagus itself, which cannot rapidly remove reflux; abnormal protrusion of part of the stomach into the thoracic cavity, forming a hiatal hernia, and destruction of the natural anti-reflux barrier. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is caused by the reflux of stomach and duodenal contents into the esophagus, which can cause damage to the esophageal mucosa, and in severe cases, reflux esophagitis, esophageal ulcer or esophageal stricture or even cancer. When the reflux enters the respiratory tract, it can also lead to aspiration pneumonia, asthma and other diseases. In addition to GERD, acid reflux and heartburn symptoms can occur in normal people or in people with ulcers. However, when the symptom occurs in normal people, most of the time it lasts no more than 5 minutes at a time and no more than 1 hour throughout the day. In ulcer disease, acid reflux and heartburn symptoms tend to occur on an empty stomach and may be relieved after eating. In contrast, acid reflux, heartburn, regurgitation, belching and retrosternal pain in GERD tend to occur on a full stomach and after a meal. Some patients with GERD may have atypical symptoms such as abnormal sensation in the pharynx, chest tightness and breath-holding, which sometimes lead to misdiagnosis. The treatment of GERD is a long-term and systematic process. Treatment methods such as changing lifestyle habits, medication, and surgery can be used. Since the symptoms of GERD sometimes do not correspond to the degree of the disease, and the symptoms are prone to recur after inappropriate discontinuation of medication, patients should undergo regular treatment and regular review under the guidance of physicians. When drug control is unsatisfactory, esophageal mucosal suturing or surgery can be performed under gastroscopy.